{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T05:44:06Z","timestamp":1790401446728,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Advances in Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide. The majority of acute respiratory infections in children are caused by viruses, with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) being the most frequently encountered. Other important viral pathogens include human metapneumovirus, human coronaviruses, adenovirus, and influenza. These infections can lead to complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia. So, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of influenza viruses A and B, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in children with ARTI. Methods. The molecular diagnostic of polymerase chain reaction approach was used to detect influenza (A and B), metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and adenovirus in respiratory samples of children with acute respiratory infection hospitalization in a teaching hospital of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in January 2016\u2013March 2017. Results. Of the 340 patients examined, 208 (61.20%) were male and the median age was 3.13\u2009\u00b1\u20092.38\u2009years. Respiratory viruses were found in 179 (52.64%) patients. The male-to-female ratio was 1.63\u2009:\u20091 in patients who were viral positive. Detection rates for influenza A, adenovirus, influenza B, RSV, and HMPV were 28.23%, 24.70%, 8.52%, 3.23%, and 2.64%, respectively, and coinfections were detected in 24.02%. The most common combination of two-virus coinfections was IFVA\/AdV, followed by IFVB\/AdV, AdV, IFVB\/IFVA, RSV\/IFVA, HMPV\/AdV, RSV\/AdV, and HMPV\/IFVA. Conclusion. The high prevalence of respiratory viruses in children hospitalized with ARTI suggests that viral infection may play a role in disease pathogenesis. This should be confirmed through the conduct of case-control studies and may inform the role of vaccination to prevent respiratory viral infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/7613948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T23:53:06Z","timestamp":1705967586000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Prevalence of Influenza Viruses A and B, Adenovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, and Human Metapneumonia Viruses among Children with Acute Respiratory Tract Infection"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"given":"Rana","family":"Farzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Pirbonyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Microbiology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Rahim","family":"Kadivar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"},{"name":"Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz Medical University, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4394-9622","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Afagh","family":"Moattari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.39132"},{"issue":"1","key":"2","article-title":"Detection of respiratory Co-infections in children less than five years with adenovirus infection","volume":"5","author":"S. S. Malekshahi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0096674"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0176298"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/pedinfect.15930"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25069"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-011-0677-5"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.7087"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2179"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2112"},{"key":"11","article-title":"Clinical Characteristics, laboratory findings, radiographic signs and outcomes of 52,251 patients with confirmed covid-19 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"A. Pormohammad","year":"2020"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-2118-6"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.21552"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4067\/s0716-10182012000200008"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22633"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01234.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"17","first-page":"15011","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of respiratory adenovirus detection in hospitalized children in Shenzhen, China","volume":"8","author":"H. Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315085"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/367901"},{"key":"20","volume-title":"CDC Protocol of Real Time RT-PCR for Swine Influenza A (H1N1)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-017-0884-4"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07585-y"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1653-3"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3345\/kjp.2018.61.6.180"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0200117"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3103\/s0891416816030046"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijp.60948"},{"issue":"11","key":"28","first-page":"1348","article-title":"Viral etiology of respiratory infections in children in southwestern Saudi Arabia using multiplex reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","volume":"35","author":"M. S. Al-Ayed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Saudi Medical Journal"},{"key":"29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23401"},{"key":"30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/inf.0b013e31826052eb"},{"key":"31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/714062"},{"key":"32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12015"},{"key":"33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2017.07.011"},{"key":"34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/1928795"},{"key":"35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2008.08.036"},{"key":"36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1824-7288-39-22"},{"key":"37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2014.11.020"},{"key":"38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044568"},{"key":"39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24159"},{"key":"40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0009922810394834"},{"key":"41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-virology-091919-092720"},{"key":"42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.141856"},{"key":"43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5152\/tpa.2014.1121"},{"key":"44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-422x-9-276"},{"key":"45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064254"},{"key":"46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-4549-0_36"},{"key":"47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-020-0711-8"},{"key":"48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2019.08.013"},{"key":"49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2010.05.007"},{"key":"50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.03.008"},{"key":"51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.01117-07"}],"container-title":["Advances in Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/av\/2024\/7613948.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/av\/2024\/7613948.xml","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/downloads.hindawi.com\/journals\/av\/2024\/7613948.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T23:53:09Z","timestamp":1705967589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.hindawi.com\/journals\/av\/2024\/7613948\/"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ahmed Majeed","family":"Al-Shammari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["7613948","7613948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/7613948","relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8647","1687-8639"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8647","type":"electronic"},{"value":"1687-8639","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]}}}