{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T03:48:58Z","timestamp":1793159338318,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710374400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Surgery Research and Practice"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) aims to improve pain, relieve neural compression, achieve rapid solid bony arthrodesis, and restore cervical alignment. Bony fusion occurs as early as 3\u2009months and up to 24\u2009months after ACDF. The correlations between bony fusion and clinical outcomes after ACDF remain unclear. Macro-topographic and porous features have been introduced to interbody cage technology, aiming to improve the strength of the bone-implant interface to promote early fusion. In this study, we aimed to compare clinical outcomes and CT-evaluated fusion rates in patients undergoing ACDF using one of two different interbody cages: traditional NanoMetalene\u2122 (NM) cages and NM cages with machined porous features (NMRT). Methods. This was a prospective, observational, nonrandomised, cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing ACDF. The NM cage cohort was enrolled first, then the NMRT cohort second. The visual analogue scale, neck disability index, and 12-item Short Form Survey scores were evaluated preoperatively and at 6\u2009weeks, 3\u2009months, and 6\u2009months. The minimum clinical follow-up period was 12\u2009months. Plain radiographs were obtained on postoperative day 2 to assess instrumentation positioning, and computed tomography (CT) was performed at 3 and 6\u2009months postoperatively to assess interbody fusion (Bridwell grade). Results. Eighty-nine (52% male) patients with a mean age of 62\u2009\u00b1\u200910.5\u2009years were included in this study. Forty-one patients received NM cages, and 48 received NMRT cages. All clinical outcomes improved significantly from baseline to 6\u2009months. By 3\u2009months, the NMRT group had significantly higher CT fusion rates than the NM group (79% vs 56%, <jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>p<\/a:mi><a:mo>=<\/a:mo><a:mn>0.02<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). By 6\u2009months, there were no significant differences in fusion rates between the NMRT and NM groups (83% vs 78%, <jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mi>p<\/c:mi><c:mo>=<\/c:mo><c:mn>0.69<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). The mean Bridwell grade at 6\u2009months was 1.4\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7 in the NMRT group and 1.8\u2009\u00b1\u20091.0 in the NM group (<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mi>p<\/e:mi><e:mo>=<\/e:mo><e:mn>0.08<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Conclusions. With both NM and NMRT cages, serial improvements in postoperative clinical outcomes were associated with fusion progression on CT. NMRT cages demonstrated significantly better fusion at 3\u2009months and a trend toward higher quality of fusion at 6\u2009months compared with NM cages, suggesting earlier cage integration with NMRT. An early 3-month postoperative CT is adequate for fusion assessment in almost 80% of patients undergoing ACDF with an NMRT cage, permitting an earlier return to activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8452050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,14]],"date-time":"2024-03-14T23:50:06Z","timestamp":1710460206000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Porous Cage Macro-Topography Improves Early Fusion Rates in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7200-2211","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Gregory M.","family":"Malham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"},{"name":"Spine Surgery Research, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dean T.","family":"Biddau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jordan P.","family":"Laggoune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlie R.","family":"Faulks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Melbourne, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William R.","family":"Walsh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical & Orthopaedic Research Laboratories (SORL), UNSW Sydney, Prince of Wales Clinical School, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi Yuen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Institute, Epworth Hospital, Richmond, Melbourne, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.10.072"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195840030-00009"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2020.06.023"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13037-017-0128-y"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/brs.0000000000002441"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-020-06561-x"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jss-19-419"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.4.spine20357"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-018-5820-9"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/bsd.0b013e31829a37ac"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14245\/ns.1836192.096"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.07.003"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2192568218755141"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-13-172"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2692-1"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/398396"},{"key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2013.54.3.189"},{"key":"18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-006-0043-7"},{"key":"19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00701-015-2630-2"},{"key":"20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000258846.86537.ad"},{"key":"21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.06.062"},{"key":"22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/os.12098"},{"key":"23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.01.003"},{"key":"24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2018.02.017"},{"key":"25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2022.01.003"},{"key":"26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199506020-00014"},{"key":"27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14245\/kjs.2012.9.3.142"},{"key":"28","article-title":"Medicare benefits Schedule: MBS online","author":"AgdoH","year":"2022"},{"key":"29","article-title":"Simple calculator for effective dose in CT (DLP-> eff dose). 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