{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,9]],"date-time":"2026-02-09T22:23:23Z","timestamp":1770675803013,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U54CS254566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54CS254566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Disease Markers"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objective. The neutrophil\u2013lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet\u2013lymphocyte ratio (PLR) demonstrate good diagnostic accuracy in distinguishing lung cancer patients from healthy individuals, primarily in HIV-negative populations. We determined the sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), and area under the curve (AUC) of the NLR and PLR in discriminating between people living with HIV (PLWH) with and without lung cancer. Methods. This is a comparative analysis of secondary data. Cases were PLWH with lung cancer from a retrospective cohort treated at the Uganda Cancer Institute. Controls were unmatched PLWH without lung cancer who were randomly selected from three HIV clinics in Uganda. Se, Sp, and AUC analysis and determination of optimal cutoffs were performed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results. Of 115 PLWH (18 cases and 97 controls), 83 (72.2%) were female, 110 (95.7) were on ART, and the median (IQR) age was 46 (38\u201351) years. The median (IQR) NLR was higher among cases than controls (3.53 (3.14\u20137.71) vs. 0.92 (0.67\u20131.09),<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>p<\/a:mi><a:mtext>\u2009<\/a:mtext><a:mo>&lt;<\/a:mo><a:mn>0.001<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Similarly, the PLR was higher among cases than controls (237.5 (177.8\u2013361.6) vs. 123.6 (100.6\u2013155.4),<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:mi>p<\/c:mi><c:mo>=<\/c:mo><c:mn>0.001<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). At a cutoff of 2.44, the respective Se, Sp, and AUC of the NLR were 87.5% (95% CI: 61.7%\u201398.4%), 100% (95% CI: 96.2%\u2013100%), and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.85\u20131.00,<jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:mi>p<\/e:mi><e:mtext>\u2009<\/e:mtext><e:mo>&lt;<\/e:mo><e:mn>0.001<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Similarly, the respective Se, Sp, and AUC for the PLR were 75% (95% CI: 47.6%\u201392.7%), 87.2% (95% CI: 78.8%\u201393.2%), and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.70\u20130.93,<jats:inline-formula><g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><g:mi>p<\/g:mi><g:mtext>\u2009<\/g:mtext><g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo><g:mn>0.001<\/g:mn><\/g:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) at a cutoff of 196.3. Conclusion. The NLR and PLR discriminated PLWH with and without lung cancer and could be useful in PLWH with respiratory symptoms in whom lung cancer can easily be misdiagnosed as other lung pathology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8822024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T23:35:19Z","timestamp":1706052919000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Neutrophil\u2013Lymphocyte and Platelet\u2013Lymphocyte Ratios in Distinguishing Lung Cancer in People with HIV"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5852-9674","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Joseph Baruch","family":"Baluku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon","family":"Namiiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenda","family":"Namanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Kiruddu National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Nabwana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University\u2013Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8303-6046","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Irene","family":"Andia-Biraro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8531-5567","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"William","family":"Worodria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Salata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9067-2684","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sayoki","family":"Mfinanga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muhimbili Center, National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stanton","family":"Gerson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2023-2840","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Bruce","family":"Kirenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Makerere University Lung Institute, Kampala, Uganda"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000002529"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1054200"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/518606"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(22)00219-3"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0129550"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009778"},{"key":"7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0964"},{"key":"8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21051601"},{"key":"9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101613"},{"key":"10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001818"},{"key":"11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0260069"},{"key":"12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2018.8644"},{"key":"13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2016.57.287"},{"key":"14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17511\/jopm.2019.i11.07"},{"key":"15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21767\/AMJ.2018.3387"},{"key":"16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8844698"},{"issue":"4","key":"17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_935_21","article-title":"Evaluation of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in chronic plaque psoriasis","volume":"67","author":"S. 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