{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T02:56:15Z","timestamp":1747191375610,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705708800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Purpose. To investigate the long-term changes in visual quality and pupil size after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for eyes without preoperative cylinder refraction. Methods. Thirty-three myopic eyes (33 patients) without preoperative cylinder refraction were corrected using SMILE. Refractive outcomes, corneal curvature, aberrations, contrast sensitivity (CS), and pupil diameter were evaluated preoperatively, and 30\u2009months postoperatively. Results. The 30-month postoperative uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, LogMAR) were \u22120.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09 and \u22120.14\u2009\u00b1\u20090.06, respectively, whereas the preoperative CDVA (LogMAR) was \u22120.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05. Cylinder refraction of \u22120.11\u2009\u00b1\u20090.21\u2009D (ranging from \u22120.50 to 0.00) was observed at 30\u2009months postoperatively, increasing from the preoperative cylinder refraction of 0.00\u2009\u00b1\u20090.00\u2009D (<jats:inline-formula><a:math xmlns:a=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M1\"><a:mi>P<\/a:mi><a:mo>=<\/a:mo><a:mn>0.004<\/a:mn><\/a:math><\/jats:inline-formula>). Moreover, the centroid coordinates x, y of corneal anterior astigmatic vectors were \u22120.19\u2009\u00b1\u20090.22, 0.81\u2009\u00b1\u20090.33 at 30\u2009months postoperatively, and 0.02\u2009\u00b1\u20090.28, 0.76\u2009\u00b1\u20090.51 preoperatively (<jats:inline-formula><c:math xmlns:c=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M2\"><c:msub><c:mrow><c:mi>P<\/c:mi><\/c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mi>x<\/c:mi><\/c:mrow><\/c:msub><c:mo>&lt;<\/c:mo><c:mn>0.001<\/c:mn><\/c:math><\/jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula><e:math xmlns:e=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M3\"><e:msub><e:mrow><e:mi>P<\/e:mi><\/e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mi>y<\/e:mi><\/e:mrow><\/e:msub><e:mo>=<\/e:mo><e:mn>0.810<\/e:mn><\/e:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, respectively). Furthermore, a 15\u00b0 axis change in the mean anterior corneal astigmatic vector was observed at 30\u2009months postoperatively from the preoperative state, as measured by Pentacam. At 30\u2009months postoperatively, the photopic Log CS reduced significantly with glare at three and six cycles\/degrees (<jats:inline-formula><g:math xmlns:g=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M4\"><g:mi>P<\/g:mi><g:mo>&lt;<\/g:mo><g:mn>0.001<\/g:mn><\/g:math><\/jats:inline-formula> and <jats:inline-formula><i:math xmlns:i=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M5\"><i:mi>P<\/i:mi><i:mo>=<\/i:mo><i:mn>0.015<\/i:mn><\/i:math><\/jats:inline-formula>, respectively), a decreased photopic pupil diameter (3.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.55\u2009mm vs. 3.10\u2009\u00b1\u20090.66\u2009mm, <jats:inline-formula><k:math xmlns:k=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M6\"><k:mi>P<\/k:mi><k:mo>=<\/k:mo><k:mn>0.030<\/k:mn><\/k:math><\/jats:inline-formula>), and an increased Coma (<jats:inline-formula><m:math xmlns:m=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M7\"><m:msubsup><m:mrow><m:mi>Z<\/m:mi><\/m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mn>3<\/m:mn><\/m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mn>1<\/m:mn><\/m:mrow><\/m:msubsup><\/m:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) and Trefoil (<jats:inline-formula><o:math xmlns:o=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M8\"><o:msubsup><o:mrow><o:mi>Z<\/o:mi><\/o:mrow><o:mrow><o:mn>3<\/o:mn><\/o:mrow><o:mrow><o:mo>\u2212<\/o:mo><o:mn>3<\/o:mn><\/o:mrow><\/o:msubsup><\/o:math><\/jats:inline-formula>) at 4\u2009mm diameter area analysis. However, a significant linear regression relationship was only observed between changes in photopic pupil diameter and changes in photopic Log CS with glare at 12 cycles\/degree (<jats:inline-formula><q:math xmlns:q=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1998\/Math\/MathML\" id=\"M9\"><q:mi>P<\/q:mi><q:mo>=<\/q:mo><q:mn>0.038<\/q:mn><\/q:math><\/jats:inline-formula> and \u03b2\u2009=\u20090.282). Conclusion. Slight cylinder regression was observed with thicker corneal lenticular extraction after SMILE correction of nonastigmatic eyes 30\u2009months postoperatively. This regression was mainly because of the axis changes in anterior corneal astigmatism power. Therefore, a cylinder nomogram modification of 0.25 to 0.50\u2009D is considerable for correcting nonastigmatic myopic eyes with a predicted spherical lenticular thickness over 100\u2009\u00b5m.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8835585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T00:40:57Z","timestamp":1705797657000},"page":"1-12","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long-Term Visual Quality and Pupil Changes after Small-Incision Lenticule Extraction for Eyes without Preoperative Cylinder Refraction"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0455-0566","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xiaonan","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiting","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4958-2051","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Quan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianhui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pengxia","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ico.0000000000001253"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2008.05.033"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)33209-4"},{"key":"4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/1081-597x-20020501-05"},{"issue":"1","key":"5","first-page":"S90","article-title":"Biomechanical and wound healing characteristics of corneas after excimer laser keratorefractive surgery: is there a difference between advanced surface ablation and sub-Bowman's keratomileusis","volume":"24","author":"D. 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