{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T04:54:37Z","timestamp":1777092877468,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":285,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012542","name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFQ0035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFQ0035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Wireless rechargeable sensor network (WRSN) has become the most effective solution to the energy problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) by introducing mobile chargers (MCs) to replenish energy for energy\u2010starved sensor nodes. In the studies of WRSN, there has been growing interest in using lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as MCs to overcome geographical constraints. Recently, automatic landing pads (PADs) have been introduced in the UAV\u2010based WRSN, enabling the UAV to automatically replenish energy during the charging flight. Consequently, the UAV\u2019s service range is enlarged, and the UAV can now perform large\u2010scale charging services. In this paper, we investigate the periodic charging scheduling problem in this novel form of WRSN with the goal of minimizing the charging delay. We present the problem\u2019s definition and model and prove it is NP\u2010hard. To address this problem, we propose two periodic charging schemes: SNBC (sensor\u2010node\u2010based charging scheme) and PBC (PAD\u2010based charging scheme). We extensively simulated our proposed schemes in a UAV\u2010based WRSN with PADs, evaluating them based on two key metrics: charging delay and UAV replenishment frequency. The results indicate the efficiency of our approaches. SNBC averaged a 7.2 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\u2009s charging delay, while PBC outperformed it with a 14.01% reduction in charging delay and a 13.66% decrease in replenishment frequency.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8851835","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]],"date-time":"2024-10-12T11:49:48Z","timestamp":1728733788000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Charging Between PADs: Periodic Charging Scheduling in the UAV\u2010Based WRSN With PADs"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3636-6090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zirui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tingdan","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yixuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9929-8721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feng","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s22051824"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12061287"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2023.06.083"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan11040064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/telecom4010004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105782"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/IJSSCI.285593"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2928557"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2020.2977984"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2969220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LiuY. 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