{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T01:51:08Z","timestamp":1787017868696,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Scientific World Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major medical problem affecting patients\u2019 quality of life and healthcare costs. Objectives. This study evaluated the severity, risk factors, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI), including community-acquired AKI (CA-AKI) and hospital-acquired AKI (HA-AKI), who were admitted to tertiary institutions in Palestine. Methods. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at multiple tertiary care hospitals in Palestine by reviewing patient charts from January 2020 to March 2023. The study included all patients aged \u226518\u2009years who were admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with AKI at admission (CA-AKI) or who developed AKI 48\u2009hours after admission (HA-AKI). Patients with incomplete medical records and those with no reported creatinine levels during their stay, pregnant women, kidney transplant patients, and end-stage renal disease patients were excluded. Data were analyzed using SPSS v22.0. The incidence of AKI in each group was compared using the chi-squared test. Results. This study included 259 participants. HA-AKI was present in 27.3% of the patients, while CA-AKI was 72.7%. The most common stage among patients was stage 3 (55.7%, HA-AKI) (42.9%, CA-AKI), and the most common comorbidity contributing to AKI was CKD. NSAIDs, ACE-I\/ARBs, and DIURETICs were the most nephrotoxic drugs contributing to AKI. Patients with hyperphosphatemia, hyperkalemia, severe metabolic acidosis, or stage 3 AKI require renal replacement therapy. In addition, our findings revealed a significant association among AKI mortality, age, and heart disease. Conclusion. CA-AKI was more prevalent than HA-AKI in Palestinian patients admitted for AKI. Risk factors for AKI included diabetes, CKD, and medications (antibiotics, NSAID, diuretics, and ACE-I\/ARB). Preventive measures, medication management, and disease state management are necessary to minimize AKI during hospital admission or in the community.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8897932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T21:05:08Z","timestamp":1712610308000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characteristics, Risk Factors, and Outcomes in Acute Kidney Injury Patients: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study, Palestine"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7771-5608","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdallah","family":"Damin Abukhalil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haya","family":"Alyazouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reem","family":"Alsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadeel","family":"Kahla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minna","family":"Mousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-4101","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hosniyeh","family":"Ladadweh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni\u2019meh","family":"Al-Shami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yousef","family":"Sahoury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9700-8532","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Hani","family":"Naseef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5323-712X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Abdullah","family":"Rabba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nursing and Health Professions, Birzeit University, West Bank, State of Palestine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","reference":[{"key":"1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-01147-5"},{"key":"2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CNUR.2018.07.001"},{"key":"3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02503-x"},{"key":"4","article-title":"Acute kidney injury (AKI)\u2013 KDIGO","author":"kdigo","year":"2023"},{"key":"5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0192623318799976"},{"key":"6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12788\/JHM.2683"},{"issue":"2","key":"7","first-page":"85","article-title":"Acute kidney injury: definition, pathophysiology and clinical phenotypes","volume":"37","author":"K. 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