{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T07:48:21Z","timestamp":1774770501329,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":175,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011951","name":"African Union","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011951","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study presents a deterministic mathematical model of monkeypox disease transmission dynamics with an age\u2010structured human population divided into two subgroups of children (Group 1) and adults (Group 2). Two equilibrium points, monkeypox\u2010free, <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>, and a unique monkeypox\u2010endemic equilibrium point, <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>, are established. The age\u2010structured monkeypox basic reproduction number, <jats:italic>\u211d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>, is computed using the next\u2010generation matrix approach and established to be <jats:italic>\u211d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> = 1.2448. The Lyapunov functions are constructed; together with LaSalle\u2019s invariance principle, the monkeypox\u2010free equilibrium point, <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>0<\/jats:sup>, is established to be globally asymptotically stable whenever <jats:italic>\u211d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> \u2264 1, as confirmed by the Lyapunov stability method, and the monkeypox\u2010endemic equilibrium point, <jats:italic>E<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>, is globally asymptotically stable whenever <jats:italic>\u211d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> &gt; 1. Sensitivity analysis of the threshold quantity <jats:italic>\u211d<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub> is performed using the Latin hypercube sampling method and Pearson\u2019s partial rank correlation coefficient, and the results showed that the parameters <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>22<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>\u03bd<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>\u039b<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>\u03bd<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> were the most sensitive to the spread of monkeypox infection in an age\u2010structured population. It is, therefore, suggested that the rate of monkeypox infection can be reduced by ensuring that the rate of interaction between susceptible children and infected children and between susceptible adults and infected adults is minimized. Moreover, the spread of monkeypox infection can be curbed by emphasizing controls such as early diagnosis and treatment and hospitalization of critically ill infectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9173910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]],"date-time":"2024-06-24T08:04:30Z","timestamp":1719216270000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Transmission Dynamics of Monkeypox Virus With Age\u2010Structured Human Population: A Mathematical Modeling Approach"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4859-2247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walter","family":"Okongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-9439-4110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeconia Abonyo","family":"Okelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4447-2734","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Duncan Kioi","family":"Gathungu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5670-4176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Edward","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6985-0706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stanley Aguegboh","family":"Nnaemeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","volume-title":"Introduction to Global Health","author":"Jacobsen K. H.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","volume-title":"Joint Monthly Surveillance Report on Sars-CoV-2 and mpox in Animals in the European Region, December 2022","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2604.191164"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","article-title":"Determining the effect of contaminated environment and direct transmission on the dynamics of monkeypox virus","volume":"2024","author":"Okongo W.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communications in Mathematical Biology and Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-024-01987-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","article-title":"Multi-country outbreak of mpox","volume":"22","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023","journal-title":"External Situation Report"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","volume-title":"Outbreak Cases and Data","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050074"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2019.0151"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","unstructured":"FitzgeraldO. HanlyM. andChurchesT. COVOID: Age-Structured Epidemic Models in COVOID 2020 https:\/\/cbdrh.github.io\/covoidance\/COVOID-age-structured-models.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","article-title":"Modelling the transmission dynamics of pox-like infections","volume":"41","author":"Bhunu C. P.","year":"2011","journal-title":"IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-022-01607-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","article-title":"Mathematical model for monkeypox virus transmission dynamics","volume":"8","author":"Emeka P.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Epidemiology: Open Access"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30707\/LiB5.1Lauko"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rineng.2022.100786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.130276.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40808-021-01313-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/math.2023865"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0139157"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40819-023-01572-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","article-title":"Population dynamics of a mathematical model for monkeypox","volume":"6","author":"Ashezua T.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Modelling"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","unstructured":"HanL. Spatial pattern and environmental and social factors of monkeypox in the contiguous United States [Ph.D. thesis] 2023 University of South Florida."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","unstructured":"Adom-KonaduA. BonyahE. SackiteyA. L. AnokyeM. andAsamoahJ. K. K. K. A study of transmission dynamics of monkeypox mathematical model in the context of protected travellers using abc fractional order derivative Available at SSRN 4341861."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218348X22402666"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2022.112716"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2023.04.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1402-4896\/acf16f"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.9272"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","unstructured":"KumarM.andAbbasS. Age structured sir model for the spread of infectious diseases through indirect contacts 2020 https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2007.11911."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cmb-2022-0143"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","first-page":"174","volume-title":"Optimal Control of Age-Structured Populations in Economy, Demography, and the Environment","author":"Greenhalgh D.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math11163526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/tjs.v47i3.7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/dcdsb.2021123"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2004.1.267"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4202918"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218339012500106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144500371907"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinam.2020.100120"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(02)00108-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","first-page":"259","article-title":"Global stability of the endemic equilibrium of multigroup sir epidemic models","volume":"14","author":"Guo H.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Canadian Applied Mathematics Quarterly"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1137\/120876642"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-164901-2.50021-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/oca.2658"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjp\/s13360-022-02510-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/cmb-2022-0134"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.1096012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2812.220897"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_2","volume-title":"Mpox (monkeypox)-Democratic Republic of the Congo","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2808146"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7144a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fams.2022.1061546"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1403510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00401706.2000.10485979"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jamp.2017.512191"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2024\/9173910","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,21]],"date-time":"2024-10-21T11:03:42Z","timestamp":1729508622000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2024\/9173910"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Fernando","family":"Simoes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2024\/9173910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/9173910","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1110-757X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-0042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-11-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-05-29","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-06-24","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9173910"}}