{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T19:00:55Z","timestamp":1776366055006,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":278,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Stroke Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Task\u2010based action observation and imitation (AOI) is a promising intervention to enhance upper limb (UL) motor function poststroke. However, whether whole\/part task must be trained in the AOI therapy needs further substantiation.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold> The objective of this study is to assess and compare the mirror neuron activity and UL muscle activity during AOI of reaching task in terms of whole task (complete movement) and part task (proximal arm movements and distal arm movements).<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> In this cross\u2010sectional study, 26 participants with first\u2010time unilateral stroke were asked to observe the prerecorded videos of a reaching task in terms of a whole task and proximal and distal components, followed by imitation of the task, respectively. Electroencephalographic (EEG) mu rhythm suppression and electromyographic amplitude of six UL muscles were measured during the task.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> The analysis of EEG revealed a statistically significant mu suppression score, indicating mirror neuron system activity, during AOI of the whole task in C3 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = &lt;0.001) and C4 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = &lt;0.001) electrodes compared to the part task. Percentage maximum voluntary contraction amplitudes of the deltoid (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), supraspinatus (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = &lt;0.001), triceps brachii (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), brachioradialis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.006), and extensor carpi radialis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = &lt;0.001) muscles showed a significant increase in muscle activity during AOI of the whole task. Also, there seems to be a task observation\u2013specific activation of muscles following AOI of proximal or distal tasks.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold> The practice of the whole task should be given emphasis while framing the AOI treatment module to enhance reaching in people with stroke.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Trial registration:<\/jats:bold> Clinical Trials Registry\u2010India (CTRI) identifier: <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/ctri.nic.in\/Clinicaltrials\/pmaindet2.php?EncHid=MjQ3ODI=%26Enc=%26userName=CTRI\/2018\/04\/013466\">CTRI\/2018\/04\/013466<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9967369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T11:48:34Z","timestamp":1728128914000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Does Action Observation of the Whole Task Influence Mirror Neuron System and Upper Limb Muscle Activity Better Than Part Task in People With Stroke?"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2024","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5000-7284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Sulfikar Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6824-3522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mayur","family":"Bhat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5631-9411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hari Prakash","family":"Palaniswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7227-9547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selvam","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6491-2584","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senthil D.","family":"Kumaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-4949.2012.00969.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968308317578"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000087172.16305.CD"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2017.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0221166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NPT.0000000000000065"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhi007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968312452470"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2017.07.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2010.02.045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.135"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/251041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968311427406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/457538"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008080"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.107.508184"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(00)90228-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2010.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jht.2012.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/rika.27.521"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.25.611"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968314558598"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2015.00364"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2016.03.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/153944928600600604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/120.10.1763"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-9081-7-30"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.27.701"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1050-6411(00)00027-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105174"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.13783"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01026.2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4731-03.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5449.2526"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","volume-title":"How to design and evaluate research in education","author":"Hyun H.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00362.2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2008.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2005-923533"}],"container-title":["Stroke Research and Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/2024\/9967369","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,5]],"date-time":"2024-10-05T11:48:36Z","timestamp":1728128916000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/2024\/9967369"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Augusto","family":"Fusco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/2024\/9967369"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2024\/9967369","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-8105","2042-0056"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-8105","type":"print"},{"value":"2042-0056","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9967369"}}