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Similarly, competence in AI implies the ability to identify and interpret XAI within AI systems, and a high valuation of XAI importance suggests an interest in seeking out XAI. We explore the relationships between individuals\u2019 self\u2010perceived AI competency, their appreciation of XAI importance, belief in XAI availability, and attitudes toward AI (measured through the fear and acceptance of AI). We investigate the mediating role of belief in XAI availability between AI competency and belief in XAI importance (predictors) and its impact on both the acceptance and fear of AI (outcomes). Our study, conducted through an online survey across two distinct cultural frameworks, the Arab and UK contexts, reveals consistent results, confirming the associations and mediating relationship. The findings underscore the significance of making XAI interfaces visible and understandable, even for less interested and technically competent AI users, as a means to enhance acceptance and alleviate fear.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ahci\/5590506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T11:49:01Z","timestamp":1761133741000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["AI Competency and Perception of XAI Importance Versus Attitude Toward AI: Mediating Effects of Belief in XAI Availability"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8580-2464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Liebherr","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8105-1664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Babiker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2138-4731","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"AlShakhsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1474-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.","family":"Al-Thani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8112-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C.","family":"Montag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5285-7829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/538020a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21670811.2016.1167612"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scirobotics.aay7120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-019-00710-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","article-title":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for Increasing User Trust in Deep Reinforcement Learning Driven Autonomous Systems","author":"Druce J.","year":"2021","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2106.03775"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HolzingerA. 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