{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:52:50Z","timestamp":1773031970601,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":217,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Rapid urbanization, coupled with inadequate pedestrian infrastructure, has contributed to an increase in pedestrian fatalities within major Bangladeshi cities. This study employs analytical hierarchy process (AHP), technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), and simple additive weighting (SAW) models to evaluate pedestrian road crossing behaviors and associated crash risk factors in Khulna City. Findings reveal group crossing (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.16), mixed and perpendicular crossing patterns, and mobile\u2010phone usage pose the highest risk at zebra crossings, while young pedestrians (\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.87), hand gestures (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.00), and running are identified as the most significant risks at nonzebra crossings. The multimodel approach provides comprehensive insights. Specifically, TOPSIS identifies group crossing and hand gestures as the riskiest behaviors at respective intersection types and SAW highlighting perpendicular crossing (\n                    <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>i<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.88) and young pedestrians as particularly vulnerable. These findings offer evidence\u2010based guidance for the development of safer and more sustainable urban environments, aligning with the journal\u2019s focus on resilient urban environments, smart transportation, and social aspects. Urban planners can utilize these findings to enhance pedestrian infrastructure, promote clean mobility, and foster livable communities. By quantifying risk factors and implementing decision support systems, this research advances the design of sustainable, socially resilient cities and contributes to creating healthy, equitable urban societies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cplx\/5540261","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T10:20:22Z","timestamp":1754475622000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing Pedestrian Road Crossing Behavior and Risks Using Multicriteria Decision\u2010Making Models: Implications for Sustainable and Resilient Cities"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8477-4446","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Abdul","family":"Fattah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9467-7551","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mahedi","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8333-2399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Mehedi","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4556-2405","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tajkia Jahan","family":"Rakhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5884-2855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahin","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fariha","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0466-0930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Riad","family":"Morshed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2017.11.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtte.2017.06.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jth.2022.101541"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","article-title":"Evaluation of Pedestrian Crossing Safety at Selected Street Mid-Block Within Baghdad City","volume":"2775","author":"Alquraishe A. F.","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2022.106912"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tbs.2023.100573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2018.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2023.2204488"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","volume-title":"Pedestrian Safety: A Road Safety Manual for Decision-Makers and Practitioners","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2014.915441"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0885412215595438"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstp.2023.101091"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","article-title":"Exploring the Complexity of Pedestrian Dynamics: Impact of Societal Behaviors and Personal Attributes in Urban Environments","author":"Rafe A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transportation Research Record"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","volume-title":"Global Status Report on Road Safety 2015","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su11174555"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14042149"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","volume-title":"Burden of Road Injuries in Sub-Saharan Africa","author":"Bhalla K.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","volume-title":"How Cities are Responding to Recent Spate of Bicyclists and Pedestrian Fatalities","author":"Mancini E.","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00383-014-3516-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tits.2023.3326276"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","volume-title":"Over-Speeding: 60% of Road Accident Victims are Pedestrians","author":"Tajmim T.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","volume-title":"National Safe Road Day: Pedestrian Deaths Higher on Dhaka Roads. Prothom Alo","author":"Rahman S.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13588265.2020.1826838"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2020.1774618"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2019.104589"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","unstructured":"IshtiaqueA.andAhmedB. Urban Road Accidents in Dhaka Bangladesh 2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","volume-title":"Pedestrian\u2019s Accidents and Awareness: A Study of Dhaka City, Bangladesh","author":"Rahaman K. R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trpro.2016.05.357"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su141811233"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2024.107664"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0361198106198200118"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su14031142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/infrastructures9120215"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208241272070"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","unstructured":"IslamN. NishaN. T. andIslamM. M. Analysis of Pedestrian Road Crossing Behaviors With the AHP Method Through Risk Factors at Intersections of Khulna City International Conference on Advances in Civil Engineering (ICACE2024) 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym13112214"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14669\/am.vol94.art2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/encyclopedia3010006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2024.108230"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","first-page":"103","article-title":"Traffic Congestion Induced Cost of a Road Section: A Study on Fulbarigate to Dakbangla Midblock","volume":"10","author":"Das P. C.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Engineering Science, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.treng.2021.100090"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7494\/geom.2023.17.6.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","article-title":"Report on Sustainable Urban Transport Index: Khulna, Bangladesh","author":"Escap U.","year":"2019","journal-title":"United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coasts3030017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.treng.2023.100199"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trip.2021.100435"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720821989511"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01441647.2018.1518510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"A Field Data Analysis of Risk Factors Affecting the Injury Risks in Vehicle-to-Pedestrian Crashes","volume":"52","author":"Zhang G.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of Advances in Automotive Medicine. Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine. Annual Scientific Conference"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3141\/2393-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2016.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40890-019-0092-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17457300.2020.1725894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191711126"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","volume-title":"Introduction to the Analytic Hierarchy Process","author":"Brunelli M.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","volume-title":"Decision Making With the Analytic Hierarchy Process","author":"Saaty T. L.","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52547\/ioh.18.1.232"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1061\/(asce)up.1943-5444.0000718"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-00045-5_25"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2017\/v10i17\/114379"}],"container-title":["Complexity"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/cplx\/5540261","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/cplx\/5540261","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/cplx\/5540261","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T03:55:46Z","timestamp":1773028546000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/cplx\/5540261"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Sayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/cplx\/5540261"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/cplx\/5540261","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1076-2787","1099-0526"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1076-2787","type":"print"},{"value":"1099-0526","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-06","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"5540261"}}