{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T09:39:10Z","timestamp":1775036350688,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774915200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    We look at buildings\u2019 competition over space in cities following the distribution of the perimeters\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    of the buildings\u2019 circumscribing ellipses.\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) is shown to follow a power\u2010law behavior beyond a critical threshold of the density of the built environment. In this regime,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), where\n                    <jats:italic>d<\/jats:italic>\n                    is the distance to the nearest competitor, defined to be a building with a larger\n                    <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                    , bifurcates with the buildings\u2019 number\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This reveals two different competition laws: one which is linked to spatial homogeneity and segregation, as opposed to another favoring spatial diversity and intermixing between buildings with different sizes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cplx\/7148875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T06:57:47Z","timestamp":1775026667000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Buildings as Species: Competition and Scaling Rules in Cities"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6670-0868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Najem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4503-8136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek","family":"Tohme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6274-7842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01883"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000137107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2008-00251-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2389612"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1718690115"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/9781316271377","volume-title":"The Structure and Dynamics of Cities","author":"Barthelemy M.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511814921","volume-title":"Scaling","author":"Barenblatt G. 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