{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:52:41Z","timestamp":1773031961662,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]],"date-time":"2025-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764374400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":332,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025GXNSFDA069040"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025GXNSFDA069040"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12301185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12301185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010023","name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22KJB110013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22KJB110013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010023","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Complexity"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study introduces a novel fractional age\u2010structured Susceptibles\u2010Exposed\u2010Infective\u2010Hospitalized\u2010Recovered\u2010Adults (SEIHRA) model, designed to analyze measles transmission dynamics, particularly in younger populations. By incorporating age structure and an innovative inverse method, the model bridges mathematical rigor with empirical data. We examine equilibrium points, stability, and the basic reproduction number (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), while using the inverse method to estimate the time\u2010dependent transmission rate\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from real\u2010world outbreak data. Validated with Chinese measles data (1974\u20132022), the model captures temporal and age\u2010specific trends, achieving an optimal fractional order of 0.94. Sensitivity analysis via the partial rank correlation coefficient (PRCC) technique highlights key parameters influencing\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Combining age structure and inverse methods, this work reveals age\u2010specific transmission patterns and evaluates targeted vaccination strategies, offering critical insights for public health policies and global measles eradication efforts.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/cplx\/7367545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T06:34:21Z","timestamp":1764484461000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fractional Age\u2010Structured Modeling of Measles: Application of Inverse Methods"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0538-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Qiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7677-7719","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azmat Ullah Khan","family":"Niazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01430-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","unstructured":"Chickenpox in Children: Symptoms Treatment Prevention Johns Hopkins Medicine."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/511285a"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.cd004407.pub4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2019.07.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15388\/namc.2022.27.26234"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2022.102327"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aay6485"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7045a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","volume-title":"Measles Vaccination: What everyone Should Know","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","volume-title":"Nearly 40 Million Children are Dangerously Susceptible to Growing Measles Threat","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11538-015-0121-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110166"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2023.113206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00033-023-02063-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110632"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-022-07628-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3934\/jimo.2022071"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13660-024-03140-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physa.2015.12.078"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110104"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198545996.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","unstructured":"PollicottM. 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