{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:16:39Z","timestamp":1772990199089,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1742515200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":79,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014786","name":"Northern Border University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NBU-FFR-2025-3021-03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NBU-FFR-2025-3021-03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014786","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020247","name":"University of Bisha","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020247","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this research, we introduced a mathematical simulation that describes the transmission dynamics of the potato leaf\u2010roll virus (PLRV) and involves some control measures to eliminate the propagation of the PLRV disease. The proposed model consists of four ordinary differential equations divided into two categories: the host (potato plant) and the vector (\n                    <jats:italic>Myzus persicae<\/jats:italic>\n                    insect). We also split the potato plant into subgroups, such as susceptible and infected, as well as the vector. We examined the mathematical analysis for the models such as positivity, invariant region, existence, and uniqueness of the solution to prove the model\u2019s well posedness. Furthermore, the reproduction number (\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ) is computed, and local stability criteria for the disease\u2010free and endemic equilibrium points are determined. A sensitivity analysis is presented to determine which model parameter is more sensitive. The optimal control problem is constructed with three time\u2010dependent control variables, represented by preventive control measures (\n                    <jats:italic>u<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) that reduce potato plants\u2019 contact with vectors, quarantine control measures (\n                    <jats:italic>u<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), and a chemical control measure (\n                    <jats:italic>u<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) that reduces vectors of infection using insecticides. The appropriate employment of the mixed cropping strategy can reduce the spread of PLRV. We proposed different control strategies resulting from the intersection of the suggested controls to clarify the influences of these controls and to study the preferred strategy for eliminating the transmission of this disease. Numerical simulation is provided in the graphical representation to make it easier for the reader to understand the subject of this study.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ijmm\/7186685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,23]],"date-time":"2025-03-23T06:46:39Z","timestamp":1742712399000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Addressing Various Strategies for Combating the Leaf\u2010Roll Virus in Potato Plants"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"S. A.","family":"Alharbi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0159-6726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hegagi M.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4557-473X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Essam M.","family":"Elsaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2479-9809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed R.","family":"Eid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. S.","family":"Hassanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-7695-6_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","first-page":"32","article-title":"Pathological Problems of Potato Cultivation","volume":"1","author":"Nagalch B.","year":"1974","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Potato Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","unstructured":"HookerW. J. Compendium of Potato Diseases International Potato Center 1981 American Phytopathological Society St. Paul MN."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Main Virus Diseases of Potato, Control of Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Potato and Sweet Potato","author":"Salazar L.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Report of the III Planning Conference. International Potato Center, Lima. Per\u00fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/300637a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-966-4:183"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2017.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/82_2011_184"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c7tb03207b"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-801498-1.00012-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02358272"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","first-page":"489","volume-title":"Pathological Problems of Economic Crop Plants and Their Management","author":"Khurana S. P.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","article-title":"Degeneration of Potato Varieties in Western Maharashtra","volume":"14","author":"Garg I.","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Potato Association"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","first-page":"33","article-title":"Storage and Preservation Affect Immuno Electron Microscopy of Flexuous Potato Viruses","volume":"3","author":"Khurana S. P.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Asian Potato J"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","unstructured":"SalazarL. F. Potato Viruses and Their Control International Potato Center 1996 Lima. Peru."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","volume-title":"Potatoes in Warm Climates, Virus and Virus-like Diseases of Major Crops in Developing Countries","author":"Khurana S. P.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-28683-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/pdis-09-17-1414-re"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b15127"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmpp.2023.102015"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","article-title":"Primary and Secondary Infection of Potatoes","volume":"8","author":"Moller D.","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","unstructured":"PutriK. M. A Maize Foliar Disease Mathematical Model with Standard Incidence Rate IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019 IOP Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1094\/pdis-04-17-0612-fe"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18576\/pfda\/020405"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","article-title":"Modeling the Dynamics and Transmission of Cassava Mosaic Disease in Tanzania","volume":"2019","author":"Magoyo F.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Commun Math Biol Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/jmr.v9n4p101"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7965232"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2020.110127"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rinp.2020.103462"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8841718"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/25765299.2020.1865621"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0025-5564(02)00108-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","volume-title":"Selected Works","author":"Pontryagin L. S.","year":"1986"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijmm\/7186685","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ijmm\/7186685","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ijmm\/7186685","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T12:16:10Z","timestamp":1772972170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ijmm\/7186685"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kareem","family":"Elgindy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ijmm\/7186685"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ijmm\/7186685","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0161-1712","1687-0425"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0161-1712","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-0425","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"7186685"}}