{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T20:30:53Z","timestamp":1773001853620,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]],"date-time":"2025-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754956800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":223,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Cleaning and inspection of pipelines and gun barrels are crucial for ensuring safety and integrity to extend their lifespan. Existing automatic inspection approaches lack high robustness, as well as portability, and have movement restrictions and complexity. This study presents the design and development of a scalable, comprehensive automated inspection, cleaning, and evaluation mechanism (CAICEM) for large\u2010sized pipelines and barrels with diameters in the range of 105\u2009mm\u2013210\u2009mm. The proposed system is divided into electrical and mechanical assemblies that are independently designed, tested, fabricated, integrated, and controlled with industrial grid controllers and processors. These actuators are suitably programmed to provide the desired actions through toggle switches on a simple housing subassembly. The stress analysis and material specifications are obtained using ANSYS to ensure robustness and practicability. Later, on\u2010ground testing and optimization are performed before industrial prototyping. The inspection system of the proposed mechanism includes barrel\u2010mounted and brush\u2010mounted cameras with sensors utilized to keep track of the pipeline deposits and monitor user activity. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism is cost\u2010effective and achieves the desired objectives with minimum human efforts in the least possible time for both smooth and rifled large\u2010diameter pipes and barrels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/int\/2441962","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T06:21:02Z","timestamp":1755066062000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Scalable Comprehensive Automatic Inspection, Cleaning, and Evaluation Mechanism for Large\u2010Diameter Pipes"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7912-2101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Shafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Imad","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1159-7968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose","family":"Brenosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5524-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel Angel Lopez","family":"Flores","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4041-9426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio Cesar Martinez","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7186-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Ghoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4598-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","article-title":"Development of In-Pipe Robots for Inspection and Cleaning Tasks: Survey, Classification and Comparison","volume":"21","author":"Deepak B.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","unstructured":"AlnaimiF. B. I. MazraehA. A. SahariK. WeriaK. andMoslemY. Design of a Multi-Diameter In-Line Cleaning and Fault Detection Pipe Pigging Device Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 12 2015258\u20132015265."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-383867-4.00015-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","volume-title":"Subsea Pipeline Integrity and Risk Management","author":"Bai Y.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-85709-684-5.00001-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459624.2016.1250003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hfm.20706"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","article-title":"Automatic Cleaning Apparatus for Gun Barrel","volume":"7","author":"An S. J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","unstructured":"HanM. ZhouJ. ChenX. andLiL. Analysis of In-Pipe Inspection Robot Structure Design Atlantis Press."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","article-title":"Smart Pipe Inspection Robot With In-Chassis Motor Actuation Design and Integrated AI-Powered Defect Detection System","volume":"23","author":"Zholtayev D.","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.measurement.2024.116268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s24237786"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app14177938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10921-024-01132-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2015.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","article-title":"Cable Crawling Underwater Inspection and Cleaning Robot","volume":"5","author":"Landsberger S. E.","year":"2023","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/robotics3020181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","unstructured":"LiZ. ZhuJ. HeC. andWangW. A New Pipe Cleaning and Inspection Robot with Active pipe-diameter Adaptability Based on ATmega64 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 18 20092\u201320616."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","unstructured":"LiL. Q. ZhouD. K. ZhangG. Y. LiY. Q. andSongW. P. Optimal Design of Horizontal Well Traction Robot Traction Force Regulating Mechanism Trans Tech Publication."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","unstructured":"YeC. MaS. LiH. andYangJ. Development of a Pipe Cleaning Robot for Air Conditioning System IEEE."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0957-4158(99)00031-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DebnathD. MoreA. andSagarS. S. Autonomous Pipe Inspection Robot 2020.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.3702319"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.12.451"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","unstructured":"GargadeA.andOholS. Design and Development of In-Pipe Inspection Robot for Various Pipe Sizes IOP Publishing."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s131013560"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12031226"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14569\/ijacsa.2022.0130343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-9613-8_54"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","unstructured":"ConsumiV. MerlinJ. LindenrothL. StoyanovD. andStilliA. A Novel Soft Shape-Shifting Robot With Track-based Locomotion for In-Pipe Inspection 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","unstructured":"GargadeA.andOholS. Design and Development of In-Pipe Inspection Robot American International Journal of Research in Science Technology Engineering & Mathematics. USA 9 2016104\u20132016109."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2018.06.406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15282\/jmes.14.3.2020.03.0548"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","unstructured":"VenkateswaranS.andChablatD. A New Inspection Robot for Pipelines With Bends and Junctions Springer."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5430\/ijrc.v2n1p25"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","article-title":"Gun Barrel Cleaning Tool and Method for Cleaning a Gun Barrel","volume":"8","author":"Blackburn C.","year":"2014","journal-title":"US Patent"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","unstructured":"CarltonG. L. Gun Barrel Cleaning Device 1981."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","unstructured":"BiceK. R. Gun Barrel Cleaning Device 1990."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","unstructured":"PetersonT. Gun Barrel Cleaning Device With Quick-Detachable Cleaning Implement 2006."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","unstructured":"HopkinsA. C. Gun Barrel Cleaning Device 1957."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","article-title":"Solventless Bore Cleaning System for the M256 Tank Cannon","volume":"15","author":"Bundy M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Army Research Lab Aberdeen Proving Ground md Weapons and Materials Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0043-1648(99)00047-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","unstructured":"ChengN. CausaH. MoeP.et al. Vappro ABC Automated Barrel Cleaner for Artillery Guns Main Battle Tanks With and Without Muzzle Brakes 2020."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/int\/2441962","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/int\/2441962","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/int\/2441962","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:03:51Z","timestamp":1772993031000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/int\/2441962"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/int\/2441962"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/int\/2441962","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8173","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-111X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-12","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2441962"}}