{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T14:41:16Z","timestamp":1781534476179,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":84,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Machine learning (ML) models are frequently used to classify mental health information from textual data, but their practical use is constrained by their poor interpretability and lack of tools to fix training\u2010related reasoning errors. Explainable AI (XAI) approaches currently in use mostly offer post hoc explanations without methodically utilizing explanation quality to enhance model performance. This paper proposes an explanation\u2010driven iterative learning framework for classifying texts related to mental health in order to close this gap. Using local interpretable model\u2013agnostic explanations (LIME), the suggested approach produces explanations for model predictions. These explanations are then quantitatively assessed by comparing them to ground\u2010truth explanations using cosine similarity. The models undergo iterative retraining on the enlarged dataset after data samples linked to low\u2010quality explanations are selectively enhanced with text generated by GPT\u20103.5. The framework is tested on social media\u2013based mental health datasets using a variety of deep learning\u2013 and transformer\u2010based models, such as LSTM, Bi\u2010LSTM, BERT variants, and GPT\u20103.5. According to experimental results, transformer\u2010based models perform better and show steady accuracy gains over time, with overall gains of roughly 4%\u20137%. The suggested method improves interpretability and predictive accuracy, providing a reliable and scalable solution for high\u2010stakes NLP applications such as reliable mental health classification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/int\/2620320","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:05:46Z","timestamp":1774562746000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Enhancing Machine Learning Models for Mental Health Classification Through Iterative Training and Text\u2010Based Augmentation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6415-7216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suparna","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5136-622X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamil Reza","family":"Khondakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6469-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirak","family":"Mazumdar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4206-1541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajeet","family":"Kaushik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5262-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2023.3266418"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3146552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2023.3328962"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3519266"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2020.0363"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2021.3107056"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2021.07.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","volume-title":"Fake News Detection by Fine Tuning of Bidirectional Encoder Representations From Transformers","author":"Sathvik M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3098157"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAI.2021.3133846"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2019.2934629"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3503488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3387166","volume-title":"A Multidisciplinary Survey and Framework for Design and Evaluation of Explainable AI Systems","author":"Mohseni S.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2111.01243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info15020099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-1950-5.ch003","volume-title":"Making Art with Generative AI Tools","author":"Ros\u00e1rio A. T.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2024.128167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCPMT.2021.3136751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2017.2772807"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TKDE.2019.2951388"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2018.2855217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2019.2925495"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2018.2808321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.918430"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2019.2931877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2021.3058997"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2020.3017158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.3005622"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","volume-title":"A Model-based Iterative Learning Approach for Diffuse Optical Tomography","author":"Mozumder M.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2020.2969608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2022.3159970"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ShenG. Depression Detection via Harvesting Social Media: A Multimodal Dictionary Learning Solution Proceedings of the 26th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence August 2017 Melbourne Australia.","DOI":"10.24963\/ijcai.2017\/536"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2001.03447"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-81462-5_9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.123834"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.1810.04805"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.48550\/arXiv.2110.15621"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"VajreV. NaylorM. KamathU. andShehuA. PsychBERT: A Mental Health Language Model for Social Media Mental Health Behavioral Analysis IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM) December 2021 Houston TX 1077\u20131082 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BIBM52615.2021.9669469.","DOI":"10.1109\/BIBM52615.2021.9669469"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","volume-title":"Neural Language Models With Distant Supervision to Identify Major Depressive Disorder From Clinical Notes","author":"Kshatriya B. S. A.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","volume-title":"How Robust is GPT-3.5 to Predecessors? A Comprehensive Study on Language Understanding Tasks","author":"Chen X.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-59060-8_50"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8660828"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85251-1_15"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","volume-title":"InterPrompt: Interpretable Prompting for Interrelated Interpersonal Risk Factors in Reddit Posts","author":"Sathvik M.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.9921"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TG.2022.3173399"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3599974"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/int\/2620320","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/int\/2620320","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/int\/2620320","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T22:05:49Z","timestamp":1774562749000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/int\/2620320"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/int\/2620320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/int\/2620320","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8173","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-111X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-22","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2620320"}}