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This limitation arises from applying static causal models or decoupled segmentation to handle nonstationary industrial time series. For regime\u2010aware causal diagnostics and interventional effect estimation, we introduce a three\u2010stage time\u2010varying dynamic Bayesian network (TV\u2010DBN) protocol. Using a minimum description length (MDL) objective that connects segmentation to mechanism changes, Stage I jointly infers change points and regime\u2010specific graph structure. Stage II produces a completed partially directed acyclic graph (DAG) by orienting edges within each regime using a combination of score\u2010based search and conditional independence testing with false\u2010discovery\u2010rate control. Stage III uses MDL\u2010based weights to average over DAG extensions, truncated factorization to calculate\n                    <jats:italic>h<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010step interventional effects, and ancestral support gating to prevent risky extrapolation. The protocol localizes causal regime changes, generates more plausible regime\u2010specific structures than static baselines, and generates regime\u2010specific effect estimates that are consistent with known fault mechanisms, according to experiments conducted on the Tennessee Eastman process benchmark. In nonstationary industrial settings, the suggested \u201cauditable contract\u201d of assumptions supports more dependable root\u2010cause diagnosis and maintenance choices by giving practitioners evident standards for verifying causal claims.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/int\/3436744","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,31]],"date-time":"2026-05-31T07:57:17Z","timestamp":1780214237000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Three\u2010Stage Causal Root\u2010Cause Diagnostic Protocol for Nonstationary Industrial Time Series Data"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-0836-8481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cansu","family":"Yalim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Resit","family":"Unal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4798-003X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Holly A. 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