{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T17:54:31Z","timestamp":1773510871845,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758585600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":265,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"Agent\u00fara na Podporu V\u00fdskumu a V\u00fdvoja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-23-0033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-23-0033"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003193","name":"Ministerstvo \u0161kolstva, vedy, v\u00fdskumu a \u0161portu Slovenskej republiky","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VEGA 1\/0331\/25"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VEGA 1\/0331\/25"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003193","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The development of a mathematical model is an important step in reliability analysis. However, initial data are often not clearly defined, and some necessary information about the system\u2019s behavior may be missing. Most mathematical models in reliability analysis primarily address aleatory uncertainty. However, recently, many problems in reliability analysis increasingly need to take into consideration epistemic uncertainty. Therefore, methods for developing mathematical models based on uncertain initial data should be refined to account for both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. This is particularly true for models that represent a system using binary decision diagrams (BDDs). This paper proposes a new method for constructing a system\u2019s mathematical model in the form of a BDD based on incomplete and uncertain data. Machine learning approaches and principles are employed in this method to account for the epistemic uncertainty of the initial data. A fuzzy classifier, specifically a fuzzy decision tree (FDT), is used to build a BDD from epistemically uncertain data. The use of a tree\u2010based classifier allows simplifying the transformation between FDT and BDD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/int\/6471577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T06:07:51Z","timestamp":1758694071000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Reliability Analysis Based on Aleatory and Epistemic Uncertainty Using Binary Decision Diagrams"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9087-0311","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Zaitseva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1932-3603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vitaly","family":"Levashenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9781420011456"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/9330296"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(96)00069-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2017.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11663081.2020.1850047"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.2980397"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2011.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.2767"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-0823-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2016.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14061182"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/qre.3429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3550413"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijar.2018.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2018.02.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1539-6924.2008.01002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14257\/ijhit.2015.8.10.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/5221"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13224509"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108373"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2014.2299031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JSEE.2022.000022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.02.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","unstructured":"BarlowR. E.andProschanF. Statistical Theory of Reliability and Life Testing 1975."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2008.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"El-MetwallyM. El-ShimyM. MohamedA. ElshahedM. andSayedA. Reliability Assessment of Wind Turbine Operating Concepts Using Reliability Block Diagrams (Rbds) Proceedings of 19th International Middle-East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON 2017) December 2017 Cairo Egypt 430\u2013436 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/MEPCON.2017.8301216 2-s2.0-85047406235.","DOI":"10.1109\/MEPCON.2017.8301216"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0951-8320(02)00107-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info10120368"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/24.765927"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1748006X17744381"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tc.1978.1675141"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RAMS.1995.513227"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2015.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SedilesE. P. Fernandez-AmorosD. andHeradioR. Circuit Testing Based on Fuzzy Sampling with BDD Bases Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences January 2023 Honolulu HI 1551\u20131560 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24251\/HICSS.2023.194.","DOI":"10.24251\/HICSS.2023.194"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12204-016-1752-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tr.2016.2578948"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZaitsevaE. LevashenkoV. KozlovaA. andAbuovaZ. Drone Fleet Reliability Analysis Based on Uncertain Data Using Binary Decision Diagram 2023 7th International Conference on System Reliability and Safety (ICSRS) May 2023 Bologna Italy 300\u2013305 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICSRS59833.2023.10381115.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSRS59833.2023.10381115"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45675-9_74"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108478"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2010.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.1986.1676819"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1134\/S0005117914070017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0255(81)90017-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","article-title":"Knowledge-Based Clustering","author":"Pedrycz W.","year":"2005","journal-title":"From Data to Information Granules"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksuci.2016.04.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0114(91)90020-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","unstructured":"ChanM. Kaggle Twitter Project: Defuzzification 2020 https:\/\/github.com\/MattChanTK\/KaggleTwitterProject\/blob\/master\/peach-doc\/tutorial\/fuzzy-logic\/defuzzification.py."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0114(97)00337-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2025.116039"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BraceK. S. RudellR. L. andBryantR. E. Efficient Implementation of a BDD Package Conference Proceedings on 27th ACM\/IEEE Design Automation Conference-DAC\u201990 June 1990 New York NY 40\u201345 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/123186.123222.","DOI":"10.1145\/123186.123222"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","unstructured":"Lind-NielsenJ. Buddy: A Binary Decision Diagram Package 2023 https:\/\/github.com\/jgcoded\/BuDDy."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","unstructured":"SomenziF. CUDD: CU Decision Diagram Package 2023 https:\/\/github.com\/vscosta\/cudd."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","unstructured":"Caltech Control and Dynamical Systems A Python Library for Binary Decision Diagrams (Bdds) 2015 https:\/\/github.com\/tulip-control\/dd."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_2","unstructured":"PyEDA Developers Pyeda: Python Electronic Design Automation 2014 https:\/\/pyeda.readthedocs.io."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_2","unstructured":"The UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository https:\/\/archive.ics.uci.edu\/ml\/index.php."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/idt52577.2021.9497593"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2022.108868"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-97-3980-6_49"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3415156"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/int\/6471577","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/int\/6471577","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/int\/6471577","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T18:06:07Z","timestamp":1772993167000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/int\/6471577"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/int\/6471577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/int\/6471577","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8173","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-111X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-01","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6471577"}}