{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T05:34:22Z","timestamp":1777181662328,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":213,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777075200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":114,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24A20300"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24A20300"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62474080"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62474080"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U22A20134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U22A20134"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20230101053JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20230101053JC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The era of artificial intelligence and big data has witnessed an explosive growth in computational demands. The von Neumann architecture faces constraints from the \u201cmemory wall\u201d and \u201cpower wall\u201d due to its separation of storage and computation. Compute\u2010in\u2010memory (CIM) technology has emerged as a key pathway to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck. As a novel class of semiconductor devices capable of both storage and computation, memristors offer advantages such as simple structure, low\u2010power consumption, and great potential for high\u2010density integration, showing great promise for CIM architectures. This article provides a systematic review of the latest research progress on memristors in terms of their operating mechanisms, array integration, and applications. It mainly focuses on the working principles, performance characteristics, and optimization strategies of four types of memristors based on the conductive filaments, phase\u2010change, magnetic tunnel junction, and ferroelectric tunnel junction mechanisms. Key performance parameters of various memristive devices are compared. In addition, the paper introduces multiple integrated solutions for overcoming sneak\u2010path current interference, presents typical application cases of memristors, and provides an outlook on future development, serving as a reference for further research on memristors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/int\/8837606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T04:51:32Z","timestamp":1777179092000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Research Progress on Memristors for Compute\u2010In\u2010Memory Architectures"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Yida","family":"Shang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiangyang","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yusen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haotian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingkai","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changcai","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shixu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haozhe","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuliang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gaoqiang","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoguang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baolin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4486-9854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoxing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuantao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-61812-3_30","volume-title":"The Origins of Digital Computers: Selected Papers","author":"von Neumann J.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/359576.359579"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/216585.216588"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"CanpolatO. Yaglik\u00e7iA. OliveiraG.et al. Chronus: Understanding and Securing the Cutting-Edge Industry Solutions to DRAM Read Disturbance 2025 International Symposium on High Performance Computer Architecture-HPCA-Annual March 2025 Las Vegas NV 887\u2013905 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/hpca61900.2025.00071.","DOI":"10.1109\/HPCA61900.2025.00071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HorowitzM. IEEE. Computing\u2019s Energy Problem (And what We Can Do About It) 57 1st IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) February 2014 San Francisco CA 10\u201314 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/isscc.2014.6757323 2-s2.0-84898071203.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC.2014.6757323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"YangX. GaoM. LiuQ.et al. Interstellar: Using Halide\u2019s Scheduling Language to Analyze DNN Accelerators 25th International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS) March 2020 Lausanne Switzerland 369\u2013383 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/3373376.3378514.","DOI":"10.1145\/3373376.3378514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2524\/1\/012033"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"NiuD. LiS. WangY.et al. 184QPS\/W 64Mb\/mm23D Logic-to-DRAM Hybrid Bonding With Process-Near-Memory Engine for Recommendation System 65 2022 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) February 2022 1\u20133 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISSCC42614.2022.9731694.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42614.2022.9731694"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HuH. W. WangW. C. ChenC. K.et al. A 512Gb in-Memory-Computing 3D-NAND Flash Supporting Similar-Vector-Matching Operations on Edge-AI Devices 65 2022 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference (ISSCC) February 2022 138\u2013140 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISSCC42614.2022.9731775.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISSCC42614.2022.9731775"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2021.3064189"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZhangD. JayasenaN. LyashevskyA. GreathouseJ. L. XuL. andIgnatowskiM. TOP-PIM: Throughput-Oriented Programmable Processing in Memory Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing 2014 Vancouver BC Canada 85\u201398 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1145\/2600212.2600213 2-s2.0-84904424285.","DOI":"10.1145\/2600212.2600213"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mejo.2025.106598"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCT.1971.1083337"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06932"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1976.10092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0268-1242\/29\/10\/104001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2013.2256171"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13164\/re.2015.0319"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00339-011-6264-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2017.2701282"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-09948-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201103723"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3415"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/22\/48\/485203"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202103376"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/aade3f"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101889"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-019-0291-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41578-019-0159-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4929512"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssr.201900073"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c11598"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MI14030571"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KimY.andJangB. IEEE. A Physics-based Numerical Model of Resistive Switching Behavior in Electrochemical Metallization Memristor 26th Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW) June 2023 Kyoto Japan 63\u201364 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/snw57900.2023.10183941.","DOI":"10.23919\/SNW57900.2023.10183941"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ted.2022.3211161"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad57e7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"WeberC.andValovI. IEEE. Filament Behaviour and Stability in ECM Memristive Devices Studied by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 56th IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) May 2023 Monterey CA https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/iscas46773.2023.10182062.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS46773.2023.10182062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.179690"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202200246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma18163820"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"QinH. SunS. HeN. LiuY. WangX. andTongY. Research on Switching Characteristics and Pulse Control of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor SiC-Based Memristor IEEE International Conference on IC Design and Technology (ICICDT) September 2024 Singapore 1\u20133 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/icicdt63592.2024.10717665.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICICDT63592.2024.10717665"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2012.2190369"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202400062"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.2c12575"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsii.2022.3160304"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.1c00981"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15173"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4896154"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.8b18386"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat3070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matt.2024.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2024.100625"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202423273"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2024.175103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaelm.5c00267"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/C0NR00323A"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41699-024-00509-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202002092"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30519-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41563-023-01704-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_61_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-025-01988-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_62_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c11432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_63_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpclett.1c02332"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_64_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtelec.2024.100111"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_65_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-024-01790-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_66_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2021.10.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_67_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.4c07673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_68_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.1c00834"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_69_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.abg3788"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_70_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cr900040x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_71_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00670"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_72_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TitirshaT. ShuvoM. M. H. andIslamS. K. Reliability Analysis of Phase Change Memory-Based Neuromorphic Circuits 2024 IEEE Computer Society Annual Symposium on VLSI (ISVLSI) July 2024 745\u2013748 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISVLSI61997.2024.00144.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISVLSI61997.2024.00144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_73_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-020-00246-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_74_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-26696-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_75_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-60644-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_76_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-42792-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_77_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/MA18050934"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_78_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/led.2021.3133906"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_79_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07230-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_80_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20661-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_81_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.61.2472"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_82_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.264.5157.413"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_83_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(75)90174-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_84_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3321\/j.issn:0379-4148.2009.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_85_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7498\/aps.51.2128"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_86_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-07914-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_87_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-8853(96)00062-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_88_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MED.2024.3442086"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_89_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"AhmedM.andRayB. IEEE. Assessing Magnetic Attack on Commercial 40nm pMTJ STT-MRAM 2024 IEEE Physical Assurance and Inspection of Electronics-PAINE November 2024 Huntsville AL https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/paine62042.2024.10792779.","DOI":"10.1109\/PAINE62042.2024.10792779"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_90_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/9.0000521"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_91_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2021.114474"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_92_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/led.2023.3345743"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_93_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/cm980140w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_94_2","article-title":"Ferroelectrics for Digital Information Storage and Switching","author":"Buck D. A.","year":"1952","journal-title":"Ferroelectrics for Digital Information Storage & Switching"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_95_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/T-ED.1963.15245"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_96_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2020.2976148"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_97_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ad33f5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_98_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1209\/epl\/i2005-10544-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_99_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2429"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_100_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevB.72.125341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_101_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1126230"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_102_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c18165"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_103_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-44927-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_104_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c10933"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_105_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41524-023-01101-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_106_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3CP04608G"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_107_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202300724"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_108_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aelm.202200089"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_109_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.202300223"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_110_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41427-023-00481-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_111_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ad1016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_112_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaenm.3c00535"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_113_2","volume-title":"Building a Better Brain: Atomic Scale Control for Use in Neuromorphic Memristors Ph.D","author":"Goul R.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_114_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12598-024-02640-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_115_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mssp.2021.105961"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_116_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2020.3025749"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_117_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"SunJ. J. DeHerreraM. HughesB.et al. Commercialization of 1Gb Standalone Spin-Transfer Torque MRAM 2021 IEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW) May 2021 1\u20134 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/IMW51353.2021.9439616.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMW51353.2021.9439616"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_118_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s43246-022-00310-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_119_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"KoS. ParkJ. H. BakJ. H.et al. Highly Reliable and Manufacturable MRAM Embedded in 14nm FinFET Node 2023 IEEE Symposium on VLSI Technology and Circuits (VLSI Technology and Circuits) June 2023 1\u20132 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23919\/VLSITechnologyandCir57934.2023.10185248.","DOI":"10.23919\/VLSITechnologyandCir57934.2023.10185248"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_120_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202211305"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_121_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2023.3240399"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_122_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10091063"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_123_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6463\/ab71aa"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_124_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pssr.201800558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_125_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsi.2021.3069682"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_126_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202000105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_127_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202400585"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_128_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ted.2022.3214794"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_129_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChenJ.andIndiveriG. Scaling Effects of Transistor Leakage Current and IR Drop on 1T1R Memory Arrays 2025 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) May 2025 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS56072.2025.11043970.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS56072.2025.11043970"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_130_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"TomprisI. TsipasE. FyrigosI. andSirakoulisG. Performance Analysis of Unipolar CBRAM in 1D1R Configuration Towards IMC Under Realistic Conditions 18th International Workshop on Cellular Nanoscale Networks and Their Applications (CNNA) Xanthi GREECE September 2023 92\u201397 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/cnna60945.2023.10652621.","DOI":"10.1109\/CNNA60945.2023.10652621"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_131_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.device.2024.100329"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_132_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4813832"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_133_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201403675"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_134_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5099953"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_135_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2022.3152207"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_136_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39033-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_137_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adbi.202200298"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_138_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sse.2021.108083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_139_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c09775"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_140_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat2748"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_141_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2021.3120701"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_142_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2023.3323341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_143_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.3c04577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_144_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.3c11325"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_145_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c19531"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_146_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202503883"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_147_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2024.3455372"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_148_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/inf2.12562"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_149_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12559-024-10383-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_150_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biology12101330"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_151_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/5.58356"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_152_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08253-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_153_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0893-6080(97)00011-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_154_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_155_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/info15120755"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_156_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3263259"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_157_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45670-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_158_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12071075"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_159_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/s0218348x23400406"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_160_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.4c09056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_161_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1942-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_162_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-1056\/ac9cbc"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_163_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-20519-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_164_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02459568"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_165_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3332496"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_166_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2024.3456816"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_167_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2018.2840718"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_168_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ZohoraF. T. DebnathS. andRashidA. B. M. H. u. Memristor-CMOS Hybrid Implementation of Leaky Integrate and Fire Neuron Model 2019 International Conference on Electrical Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE) February 2019 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ECACE.2019.8679259.","DOI":"10.1109\/ECACE.2019.8679259"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_169_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2003.820440"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_170_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HeidarpurM. AhmadiA. AhmadiM. andAzghadiM. R. CORDIC-SNN: On-Fpga STDP Learning With Izhikevich Neurons 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS) October 2020 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ISCAS45731.2020.9180463.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISCAS45731.2020.9180463"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_171_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-44989-2_101","volume-title":"Artificial Neural Networks and Neural Information Processing \u2014 ICANN\/ICONIP 2003","author":"Jolivet R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_172_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2021.06.070"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_173_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNN.2004.832719"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_174_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1677-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_175_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-025-11832-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_176_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2631-8695\/adfbbb"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_177_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.795876"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_178_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ChoM. KangM. UmM. ParkH. andLeeH. M. CMOS Leaky Integrate-and-Fire Neurons With Local Dynamic Biasing and Inhibitory Self-Oscillation 2023 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference (BioCAS) October 2023 1\u20135 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/BioCAS58349.2023.10388700.","DOI":"10.1109\/BioCAS58349.2023.10388700"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_179_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"BangaruH. NirmalA. ReddyM. V. D. andNeelamA. K. Artificial Neurons \u2013 Transistor Based Implementation 2023 International Conference on Next Generation Electronics (NEleX) December 2023 1\u20136 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/NEleX59773.2023.10421728.","DOI":"10.1109\/NEleX59773.2023.10421728"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_180_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.4c00587"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_181_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HuaQ. JiangC. andHuW. Ag\/HfO2-Based Threshold Switching Memristor as an Oscillatory Neuron 2021 5th IEEE Electron Devices Technology & Manufacturing Conference (EDTM) April 2021 1\u20133 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/EDTM50988.2021.9420814.","DOI":"10.1109\/EDTM50988.2021.9420814"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_182_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2025.182007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_183_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math11051268"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_184_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12668-025-01945-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_185_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TED.2023.3288508"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_186_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c16481"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_187_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2634-4386\/ad93f8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_188_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0235758"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_189_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtelec.2023.100031"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_190_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1149\/2162-8777\/ae1b6e"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_191_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/mi13030433"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_192_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2023.3274828"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_193_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2022.103957"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_194_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2024.133673"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_195_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30432-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_196_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.nanolett.5c04249"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_197_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2023.3325158"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_198_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1254642"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_199_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2018.112130359"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_200_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"RenH. HeY. WongK.et al. When Pipelined In-Memory Accelerators Meet Spiking Direct Feedback Alignment: A Co-Design for Neuromorphic Edge Computing 2025 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design (ICCAD) October 2025 1\u20139 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/ICCAD66269.2025.11240745.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCAD66269.2025.11240745"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_201_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2025.108291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_202_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.adl2767"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_203_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LED.2023.3239608"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_204_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2026.103683"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_205_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202505678"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_206_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-11199-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_207_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D4NR01003E"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_208_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202520432"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_209_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-28303-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_210_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202101323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_211_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/admt.202302238"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_212_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202202366"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_213_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5c01547"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Intelligent Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/int\/8837606","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/int\/8837606","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/int\/8837606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T04:51:46Z","timestamp":1777179106000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/int\/8837606"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Kallol","family":"Mohanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":213,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/int\/8837606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/int\/8837606","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0884-8173","1098-111X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0884-8173","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-111X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"8837606"}}