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The proposed approach combines logarithmic relations and the Hilbert transform to derive an effective multi\u2010area data scaling and normalization method, improving objectively the numerical performance and reliability of data\u2010based modal extraction algorithms. This method is developed in order to numerically minimize multiscale angular phase and amplitude effects in decomposition and identification processes of inter\u2010area oscillation modes. It employs conventional data\u2010based analysis algorithms on interconnected power systems to achieve this objective. Results show that the presented method guarantees the most effective description of interscale interaction effects and fluctuations among detected modal oscillation patterns, enhancing empirical modal extraction for inter\u2010area electromechanical modes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jama\/8884983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T12:13:47Z","timestamp":1768911227000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing Empirical Modal Extraction by Logarithmic Scaling and Normalization of Multi\u2010Area Signal Measurements"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3990-2784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Esquivel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0781-0490","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Casta\u00f1eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3007-9365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6428-8184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Ornelas-Tellez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4384-4513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evaristo Noe","family":"Reyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","series-title":"The Springer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-4561-3","volume-title":"Power System Oscillations","author":"Rogers G.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2021.000534"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)","author":"Xu Y.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2019.2944933"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","first-page":"280","article-title":"Effect on Normalization Techniques on Univariate Time Series Forecasting Using Evolutionary Higher Order Neural Network","volume":"3","author":"Panigrahi S.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","volume-title":"Proceedings of the The 2010 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)","author":"Ogasawara E.","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2704112"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2004.831691"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5123778"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1140\/epjb\/e2015-60721-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.99.033305"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/59.744537"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0469(1979)036<1017:AGMORT>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1684(90)90050-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-2789(00)00045-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2009.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.1998.0193"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.866535"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/59.630467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 41st North American Power Symposium","author":"Zarraga F. 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