{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T21:15:01Z","timestamp":1769116501880,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["30925010410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30925010410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12402268"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12402268"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing the initial velocity of large\u2010caliber, high\u2010mass projectiles remains a persistent challenge in military weapon design. To address this, we developed a novel main\u2013auxiliary chamber configuration based on the balanced gun concept. An internal ballistic model incorporating this dual\u2010chamber structure was established to evaluate its ballistic performance. By comparing the internal ballistic characteristics of the proposed design with those of a conventional balanced gun, we analyzed its acceleration capabilities. Additionally, we examined the effects of ignition delay time, auxiliary chamber charge mass, and shell mass on the internal ballistic behavior of the new structure. The results demonstrate that the dual\u2010chamber balanced gun can significantly enhance the projectile\u2032s initial velocity without exceeding the maximum allowable chamber pressure. Specifically, within a suitable range of ignition delay times, reducing the delay leads to increases in both the projectile\u2032s initial velocity and the peak pressure in the auxiliary chamber. Furthermore, as long as the maximum pressure in the auxiliary chamber remains within safe limits, increasing the propellant charge improves projectile acceleration. Lastly, provided the structural integrity of the shell is maintained, reducing the shell mass of the auxiliary chamber further enhances the initial velocity. These findings offer valuable insights for both the theoretical study and engineering design of large\u2010caliber balanced guns aimed at achieving higher muzzle velocities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jama\/9611272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T04:53:27Z","timestamp":1769057607000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of the Ballistic Performance of a Balanced Gun With a New Type of Main and Auxiliary Chambers"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4592-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zijie","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Can","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xifeng","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elsabbagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2025.04.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmmm.2024.172403"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","first-page":"2145","article-title":"Internal Ballistic Combustion Stability of Liquid Propellant Mortar","volume":"41","author":"Sun Mingliang L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Ordnance Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2514\/3.9872"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","first-page":"298","article-title":"Research on the Classic Internal Ballistic Model and Experimental Technology of Accompanying Charge Cannon","volume":"4","author":"Hao W.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Ordnance Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2019.04.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","first-page":"9","article-title":"Classic Internal Ballistic Model and Numerical Simulation of Tandem Dual Chamber Artillery","volume":"2","author":"Xiaobing Z.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","first-page":"675","article-title":"Floating Series Dual Chamber Technology for Launching Ultra High Speed Projectiles","volume":"34","author":"Dingshan Z.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Experimental and Theoretical Study on Using Packaged Liquid Medicine to Increase the Initial Velocity of Projectiles in the Auxiliary Pharmacy","volume":"1","author":"Xu Cheng L.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Ordnance Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","volume-title":"Research on the Principle and Key Technologies of Continuous Propulsion of High Speed Bullets","author":"Zijun C.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","first-page":"20","article-title":"Optimization of Interior Ballistic Performance of Multi Chamber Artillery With Multiple Chambers in Series Based on DENN NSGA-II Algorithm","volume":"35","author":"Bo W.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Ballistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","first-page":"98","article-title":"Experimental Study on the Penetration of High Quality High Speed Kinetic Energy Bullets Into Reinforced Concrete","volume":"33","author":"Bin W.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Explosion and Impact"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","first-page":"1304","article-title":"Safety Analysis of Large Caliber High-Speed Balanced Gun Firing","volume":"38","author":"Xu L.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of University of Science and Technology of China"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","volume-title":"Zhang Xiaobing Ballistics of Guns and Guns","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","first-page":"62","article-title":"Research on the Method of Increasing the Initial Velocity of Bullets by Side Spray Energy Technology","volume":"22","author":"Cao Yongjie Y.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Ballistics"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","first-page":"2045","article-title":"Experimental Study on Three Chamber Launch Device With Secondary Acceleration Function","volume":"36","author":"Jun W.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Ordnance Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","unstructured":"BingL. Ballistic Academic Exchange Meeting of the Ballistic Professional Committee of the Chinese Ordnance Engineering Society Theoretical Analysis of Increasing Initial Velocity of Multi Chamber Artillery 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Internal Ballistic Model and Numerical Simulation of Solid Propellant","volume":"2","author":"Jingguang Y.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Artillery Launch and Control"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","first-page":"513","article-title":"Numerical Simulation of Two-Phase Flow in the Interior Trajectory of a Series of Multi Chamber Artillery","volume":"33","author":"Haiqing L.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Ordnance Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","volume-title":"Theoretical Study and Numerical Simulation of Dispersed Group Model for Internal Ballistics of Large Caliber Balanced Guns","author":"Shuyuan J.","year":"2017"}],"container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jama\/9611272","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/jama\/9611272","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/jama\/9611272","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T04:53:30Z","timestamp":1769057610000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/jama\/9611272"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Huaiqin","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/jama\/9611272"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/jama\/9611272","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1110-757X","1687-0042"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1110-757X","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-0042","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-09-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-26","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"9611272"}}