{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:30:06Z","timestamp":1780414206130,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":70,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Applied Mathematics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study addresses the pressing challenge of mitigating bed bug infestations in urban and residential settings under the constraints of limited extermination resources. To this end, we develop and analyze a susceptible\u2013infectious\u2013treatment\u2013reservoir (SIT\u2010R) epidemiological model that captures the interactions between humans, domestic animals, and bed bugs residing in the environment. The model provides a robust framework for understanding the dynamics of common bed bug infestations and evaluating control strategies. Using the next\u2010generation matrix approach, we derive the basic reproduction number,\n                    <jats:italic>\u211d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    , as a critical threshold parameter. We establish that the infestation\u2010free equilibrium is locally stable when\n                    <jats:italic>\u211d<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>0<\/jats:sub>\n                    &lt; 1, highlighting the conditions necessary for the successful control and eventual elimination of infestations. To complement the theoretical findings, we perform numerical simulations, which illustrate key properties of the model. Our results underscore the importance of targeted disinfestation strategies, particularly those aimed at reducing the bed bug population in environmental reservoirs. Even when resources for extermination, such as insecticides and personnel, are limited, prioritizing interventions in the reservoir proves to be highly effective in lowering infestation rates and preventing the spread of bed bugs. These findings provide actionable insights for public health officials and pest management professionals, offering a pathway toward more efficient and sustainable bed bug control measures.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/jama\/9981379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]],"date-time":"2025-03-12T07:19:46Z","timestamp":1741763986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Mathematical Model for Bed Bug Infestation Dynamics With Limited Disinfestation"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Samuel M.","family":"Naandam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Chataa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2816-5726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gideon K.","family":"Gogovi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","volume-title":"Monograph of Cimicidae","author":"Usinger R.","year":"1966"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects11080472"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects2020173"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5864\/d2012-013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-69710-4_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2007)44[175:IRITBB]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/mec.12673"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","first-page":"880","article-title":"Bed Bugs: What the GP Needs to Know","volume":"38","author":"Doggett S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Australian Family Physician"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2013.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/insects2020096"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ae\/52.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","volume-title":"Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology","author":"Hayes W.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2010.00063.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05015-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","volume-title":"Andrew\u2019s Diseases of the Skin E-Book: Clinical Dermatology","author":"James W. 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