{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:52:14Z","timestamp":1787161934792,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]],"date-time":"2025-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":130,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Bionics and Biomechanics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic cataract (DC) are two closely related microvascular complications of diabetes.\n                    <jats:italic>Panax notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    , a plant from the Araliaceae family and genus Panax, is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) due to its antioxidant, anti\u2010inflammatory, and blood circulation\u2010promoting properties. Recent studies suggest that drugs possessing anti\u2010inflammatory, antioxidant, and blood circulation\u2010promoting characteristics may have unexpected benefits in treating diabetic microvascular complications. This study employs network pharmacology to investigate the mechanisms by which\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    can treat DR and DC as comorbidities.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study aims to explore the active components and biological mechanisms of\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    in treating these comorbidities using network pharmacology and molecular docking.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Components of\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    were identified through literature reviews and database queries. Active components were selected based on drug\u2010like principles, and their targets were predicted using the principle of similarity. Disease\u2010related genes were collected from OMIM and GeneCards and scored. Venn analysis identified target nodes, followed by protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, gene ontology (GO) analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis. Topological algorithms analyzed the PPI network, and key nodes combined with other analysis results were utilized to construct a\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010active component\u2010gene\u2010phenotype network using Cytoscape 3.9.1. Molecular docking on key genes, integrated with biological background, determined potential therapeutic targets against the diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    contains eight active components and 234 potential gene targets. Network analysis showed that\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    can repair microvascular damage by influencing disease\u2010related signaling pathways. Molecular docking indicated that four key targets (SRC, JAK2, IGF1R, and EGFR) effectively bind to the active components of\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    These findings provide insights into the molecular\u2010level action of\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    against these diseases. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the potential of\n                    <jats:italic>P. notoginseng<\/jats:italic>\n                    in treating DR and DC as comorbidities and establishes a foundation for further research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/abb\/6687606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T01:49:07Z","timestamp":1747014547000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Network Pharmacology Study on the Mechanisms of\n                    <i>Panax Notoginseng<\/i>\n                    in the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy and Cataract"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guangquan","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianpu","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4333-4708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1899-8139","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pan","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0089-0650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenxue","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2298\/MPNS1712353C"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc11-1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000459642"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v11.i16.3736"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117135"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dcS15-3015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","first-page":"113","article-title":"Textual Research on Sanqi Materia Medica","volume":"34","author":"Sun Q. H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Information"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"The Efficacy and Chemical Components of Sanqi","volume":"32","author":"Zhou C.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db22-82-LB"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","first-page":"670","article-title":"Inhibitory Functions of Panax notoginseng Saponins on LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Cells Inflammation via iNOS-NO-NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathways","volume":"43","author":"Feng X. Y.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Drug Evaluation Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","first-page":"1485","article-title":"Optimization of Extraction Technology for Total Polyphenols of Sedum Aizoon and Study on Its Activity","volume":"33","author":"Wang B. L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemical Research and Application"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1386207323666200305093709"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0113816128271781231104151155"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2023.02.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.08.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-021-02059-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","first-page":"D935","article-title":"ETCM: An Encyclopaedia of Traditional Chinese Medicine","volume":"46","author":"Xu H. Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-2946-6-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku293"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cpbi.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1151"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S296862"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020316"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122308"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","article-title":"Observation of Clinical Efficacy of Diabetic Retinopathy After Cataract Surgery by Laser Treatment","volume":"12","author":"Shi H. Y.","year":"2012","journal-title":"China Practical Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"The Impact of Cataract Surgery on the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Clinical Efficacy Observation","volume":"36","author":"Tang J. Q.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Practical Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","first-page":"4918","article-title":"A Study on the Mechanism of Diabetic Retinopathy Mediated by Multiple Factors","volume":"24","author":"Li Y. Y.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medical Recapitulate"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_2","first-page":"505","article-title":"Research on the Pathogenesis and Prevention Strategies of Diabetic Retinopathy From the Perspective of Retinal Oxidative Stress and Microvascular Changes","volume":"42","author":"Wan G. M.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3980\/j.issn.1672-5123.2015.12.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_2","unstructured":"GuoY. L. The Correlation Study of Vitamin D and TNF-\u03b1 IL-6 With Diabetic Cataract 2019 Jilin University (Doctoral dissertation)."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_2","first-page":"49","article-title":"The Impact of TNF-\u03b1 on the Cataractous Changes in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"17","author":"Chen Y. X.","year":"2017","journal-title":"World Latest Medical Information"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI19478"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_2","unstructured":"LiuB.andLinH. Study on the Correlation Between Cytokines VEGF and IGF-1 and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes 2012 3 Jilin University Zhongri Lianmeng Hospital 1206\u20131208 Retrieved From Wanfang Data Platform."},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_2","first-page":"21","article-title":"EGFR Inhibitor, AG1478, Inhibits Inflammatory Infiltration and Angiogenesis in Mice With Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"45","author":"Ju X.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10954"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_2","first-page":"690","article-title":"Activation of the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway Promotes Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats","volume":"35","author":"Yang L.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Zhonghua Shi Yan Yan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_2","article-title":"The Impact of CA-074 Me on the JAK2\/STAT3 Signaling Pathway in Hyperoxia-Induced Retinal Neovascularization in Mice","volume":"50","author":"Wang Y.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Shanxi Medical University"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_2","first-page":"342","article-title":"The Role of the AGE-RAGE System in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"27","author":"Feng Y.","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_2","first-page":"844","article-title":"Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Microvascular Neuropathy in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"18","author":"Chen D. D.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Eye Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_2","first-page":"565","article-title":"The Role of Anti-VEGF Therapy in Diabetic Retinopathy","volume":"55","author":"Zhao M.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology"}],"container-title":["Applied Bionics and Biomechanics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/abb\/6687606","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/abb\/6687606","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/abb\/6687606","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:39:45Z","timestamp":1773005985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/abb\/6687606"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Tigrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/abb\/6687606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/abb\/6687606","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1176-2322","1754-2103"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1176-2322","type":"print"},{"value":"1754-2103","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-12-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-04","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6687606"}}