{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T12:15:44Z","timestamp":1788178544417,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":242,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptolepis sanguinolenta<\/jats:italic>\n                      are herbs commonly used together in polyherbal products in Ghana for the treatment of malaria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This research investigated the combined effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptolepis sanguinolenta<\/jats:italic>\n                      extracts against chloroquine\u2010sensitive (3D7) and resistant (DD2) strains of\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In vitro antimalarial activity was assayed on the aqueous extracts of both plants using a fluorescence\u2010based SYBR Green assay. The combined effects of the two extracts were determined using computer\u2010based software, CompuSyn.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Aqueous extracts of\n                      <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptolepis sanguinolenta<\/jats:italic>\n                      exerted high antimalarial activities (IC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u200910\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) against both 3D7 and DD2 strains of the\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptolepis sanguinolenta<\/jats:italic>\n                      displayed strong synergistic activity with combination index (CI) values ranging from 0.15 to 0.52 for 53%\u201399% inhibition of 3D7\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . Also, CI values for the plants against DD2 were from 0.23 to 0.61 with corresponding 30%\u201397% parasitemia inhibitions.\n                      <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptolepis sanguinolenta<\/jats:italic>\n                      exerted a dose reduction index (DRI) value greater than 1 (DRI &gt;\u20091) in both strains.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptolepis sanguinolenta<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Azadirachta indica<\/jats:italic>\n                      exerted synergistic interactions against 3D7 and DD2 strains of\n                      <jats:italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The extracts are desirable when used in combination rather than alone.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/adpp\/1273876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T11:29:43Z","timestamp":1788175783000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synergistic Combination of\n                    <i>Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.)<\/i>\n                    Schlechter (Apocynaceae) and\n                    <i>Azadirachta Indica<\/i>\n                    (A. Juss) (Meliaceae) Against 3D7 and DD2 Strains of\n                    <i>Plasmodium Falciparum<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4507-4279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Korsah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2316-6030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathaniel Nene Djangmah","family":"Nortey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1352-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Akakpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-0575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix Kwame","family":"Zoiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-5544-1432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica","family":"Korsah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7476-067X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Tagoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5903-1736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph Kwao","family":"Amanor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6263-6045","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babu Jacob","family":"Yamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0771-6530","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josephine Akosua","family":"Ofori-Asamoah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46020-4","volume-title":"Remote Sensing for Malaria: Monitoring and Predicting Malaria From Operational Satellites","author":"Kogan F.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40101-020-00251-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2018.11.010","article-title":"Plasmodium Falciparum","volume":"35","author":"Maier A. 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