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In situ forming matrices (ISMs) offer a promising strategy for sustained, localized drug delivery.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to develop and evaluate GV\u2010loaded ISMs using ibuprofen (IBU) and palmitic acid (PA) as dual\u2010function matrix\u2010forming agents in DMSO and NMP solvents for the localized treatment of oropharyngeal candidiasis and periodontitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      ISM formulations were prepared by simple mixing and characterized for viscosity, rheological behavior, injectability, mechanical properties, and in situ matrix formation. In vitro drug release of GV and IBU was quantified by a validated simultaneous HPLC method using an ACE C18 column with UV detection at 590 and 222\u2009nm, respectively. Drug\u2010release kinetics were modeled using zero\u2010order, first\u2010order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer\u2013Peppas, and Peppas\u2013Sahlin models. Antimicrobial activity against\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was assessed by agar diffusion over 15\u2009days. Molecular interactions were investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP\u2010D3BJ\/6\u201031G(d,p) level.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All formulations showed Newtonian\u2010flow behavior and acceptable injectability (0.78\u20131.50\u2009N). GV and IBU release followed the Peppas\u2013Sahlin model, with NMP\u2010based systems releasing GV and IBU faster due to more porous matrix architecture, while DMSO\u2010based systems formed denser matrices with slower release. All GV\u2010containing formulations maintained antimicrobial inhibition zones for up to 15\u2009days. DFT calculations revealed strong GV\u2013IBU (\u22121.63\u2009eV) and GV\u2013PA (\u22121.53\u2009eV) binding energies, supporting sustained drug entrapment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>GV\u2010loaded IBU\/PA\u2010based ISMs demonstrate sustained antimicrobial efficacy for up to 15\u2009days with solvent\u2010dependent release behavior. These systems show potential as localized, single\u2010injection therapies for oral infections. Stability evaluation and in vivo biocompatibility studies are identified as necessary future steps.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/adpp\/1580663","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T01:52:37Z","timestamp":1784166757000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ibuprofen and Palmitic Acid\u2013Based Solvent Exchange\u2013Induced In Situ Forming Matrices With Gentian Violet for Oropharyngeal Candidiasis and Periodontitis Treatment"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2270-5303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thawatchai","family":"Phaechamud","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3300-4118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panadda","family":"Phattanawasin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4935-4091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Setthapong","family":"Senarat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6325-5750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Utsana","family":"Puapermpoonsiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8273-6182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pimjai","family":"Pimbaotham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5943-6878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Siriporn","family":"Jungsuttiwong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Myo Thu","family":"Rein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6753-0175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kritamorn","family":"Jitrangsri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoc.2024.102056"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/2058-6272\/ace235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10534-014-9797-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5041\/rmmj.10475"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2017.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-010-1131-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/qad.0000000000001286"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0043933909000336"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-009-9258-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00980"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","first-page":"219","article-title":"Review of Treatments for Oropharyngeal Fungal Infections in HIV\/AIDS Patients","volume":"13","author":"Tilly A. 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