{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T06:38:52Z","timestamp":1792478332912,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":291,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Ethnopharmacological Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Thai traditional medicine \u201cYa\u2010Tard Aob\u2010Choei\u201d (AC) is a polyherbal remedy used for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Its traditional liquid dosage form has practical limitations, including inconsistent appearance and difficulties in handling and transportation. This study aimed to develop a chewable dosage form of AC with satisfactory physicochemical properties and to evaluate the retention of selected marker compounds, including gallic acid (GA), cinnamaldehyde (CMD), eugenol (EUG), and glycyrrhizic acid (GZ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Formulation studies were conducted to identify suitable excipients for the preparation of AC powder and chewable tablets, and the resulting formulations were evaluated for their physicochemical properties. A validated high\u2010performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the selected marker compounds and compare the phytochemical profile of the developed formulation with liquid AC preparations, including a self\u2010prepared reference formulation and commercially available products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The formulation containing maltodextrin DE 18 at an extract\u2010to\u2010carrier ratio of 1:2 exhibited optimal powder characteristics for tablet production, and isomalt was identified as an effective diluent\u2013binder for the preparation of chewable tablets with satisfactory physicochemical properties. HPLC analysis revealed compound\u2010specific changes during conversion from the liquid\u2010to\u2010solid dosage form. GA was relatively well preserved (5.25\u2009mg\/dose), whereas EUG, CMD, and GZ decreased by approximately 99%, 35%, and 33%, respectively, compared with the self\u2010prepared liquid formulation (P7).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A chewable AC tablet with satisfactory physicochemical properties was developed; however, conversion to the solid dosage form resulted in compound\u2010specific losses, particularly of EUG. Further process optimization is required to improve the retention of volatile and heat\u2010sensitive constituents. This formulation approach may nevertheless offer a pragmatic strategy for the development and standardization of other traditional Thai herbal medicines, although dedicated stability and sensory studies are needed to establish product stability and acceptability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/adpp\/2822019","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:42:56Z","timestamp":1792474976000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Standardization and Development of Spray\u2010Dried Chewable Tablets From the Traditional Thai Remedy \u201cYa\u2010Tard Aob\u2010Choei\u201d: HPLC Analysis and Comparison With Commercial Products"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9278-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jringjai","family":"Areemit","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand  kku.ac.th"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6517-3450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bungorn","family":"Sripanidkulchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand  kku.ac.th"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6038-9261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sasipong","family":"Tipratchadaporn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Phra Arjarn Fhan Arjaro Hospital  Phanna Sub-District, Phanna Nikhom District Sakon Nakhon 47130 Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-9370-736X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarunya","family":"Tuntiyasawasdikul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Development of Herbal Health Products Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Khon Kaen University  Khon Kaen 40002 Thailand  kku.ac.th"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","volume-title":"National List of Essential Medicines","author":"Thai FDA","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6882-13-275"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7324\/japs.2017.70409"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/375294"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-020-00482-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10122751"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","first-page":"1103","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Cinnamon Stomachic Mixture for Patients With Functional Dyspepsia","volume":"58","author":"Jindarat S.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Siriraj Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Chewable Tablets of Mebendazole by Different Techniques","volume":"2","author":"Farheen F.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pharma"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","first-page":"417","article-title":"Factors Influencing the Properties of Spray-Dried Materials","volume":"49","author":"Duffie J.","year":"1953","journal-title":"Chemical Engineering and Processing"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0307.2011.00677.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","first-page":"1297","article-title":"Spray Drying Technique of Fruit Juice Powder: Some Factors Influencing the Properties of Product","volume":"19","author":"Phisut N.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Food Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","first-page":"67","article-title":"A Review on Applications of Maltodextrin in Pharmaceutical Industry","volume":"4","author":"Parikh A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","volume-title":"International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, Guideline for Validation of Analytical Procedures Q2(R2)","author":"ICH","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","volume-title":"General Chapter: Powder Flow <1174>","author":"USP United State of Pharmacopoeia","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","volume-title":"AOAC Guidelines for Single Laboratory Validation of Chemical Methods for Dietary Supplements and Botanicals","author":"AOAC","year":"2002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3109\/9780849382680","volume-title":"Validation and Qualification in Analytical Laboratories","author":"Huber L.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","volume-title":"Quality Control Methods for Herbal Materials","author":"WHO Press","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","first-page":"95","article-title":"World Health Organization. Cortex Cinnamomi","volume":"1","author":"Who","year":"1999","journal-title":"WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Flos Caryophylli","volume":"2","author":"WHO","year":"2002","journal-title":"WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","first-page":"183","article-title":"Radix Glycyrrhizae","volume":"1","author":"Who","year":"1999","journal-title":"WHO Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","volume-title":"THP Monographs on Selected Medicinal Plants","author":"THP Thai herbal pharmacopoeia","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","first-page":"63","article-title":"Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Selected Medicinal Plants","volume":"214","author":"Sarma H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reviews of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00128-009-9649-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2011.00084"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","unstructured":"THP Thai herbal pharmacopoeia General Notice; Arsenic and Heavy Metal 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1997.tb03301.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0924-2244(98)00051-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","volume-title":"Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy","author":"Akers M. J.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","first-page":"516","article-title":"Lyophilization\/Freeze Drying-A Review","volume":"4","author":"Gaidhani K. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0260-8774(99)00039-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/pjfns-2013-0012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2004.10.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2006.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apt.2010.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2022.111222","article-title":"Particle Structure Development During Spray Drying From a Single Droplet to Pilot-Scale Perspective","volume":"337","author":"Eijkelboom N. M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Food Engineering"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2020.102046"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2010.03.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1080\/03639040802587799","article-title":"Polyols as Filler-Binders for Disintegrating Tablets Prepared by Direct Compaction","volume":"35","author":"Gerad K. B.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5702","DOI":"10.1021\/jf000585g","article-title":"Cinnamaldehyde Content in Foods Determined by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry","volume":"48","author":"Friedman M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197323","article-title":"Dissolution and Uniformity of Content of Tablets Developed with Extract of Ximenia americana L.","volume":"13","author":"Santana C. P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(88)90089-0","article-title":"Aqueous Thermal Degradation of Gallic Acid","volume":"52","author":"Jennifer S. B.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2019.105316"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2022.108285"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf402923c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","first-page":"121","article-title":"Optimization of the Glycyrrhizic Acid Extraction From Licorice by Response Surface Methodology","volume":"37","author":"Masoumeh K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering (International English Edition)"}],"container-title":["Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/adpp\/2822019","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/adpp\/2822019","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/adpp\/2822019","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T05:43:04Z","timestamp":1792474984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/adpp\/2822019"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Anjali","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/adpp\/2822019"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/adpp\/2822019","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2633-4682","2633-4690"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2633-4682","type":"print"},{"value":"2633-4690","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-04-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-19","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2822019"}}