{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T10:45:48Z","timestamp":1782643548837,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":178,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Fingerroot (\n                    <jats:italic>Boesenbergia rotunda<\/jats:italic>\n                    (L.) Mansf.), a member of the Zingiberaceae family, exhibits anticariogenic activity against\n                    <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . This study aimed to optimize ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction and solvent system selection for oral spray development. Extraction conditions were optimized using a Box\u2013Behnken design, evaluating ultrasonication time, solvent\u2010to\u2010solid ratio, and ethanol concentration. The optimal conditions\u201445\u2010min ultrasonication, 30:1 solvent\u2010to\u2010solid ratio, and 85% ethanol\u2014yielded the highest contents of pinocembrin, pinostrobin, and panduratin A. The optimized extract was then subjected to solvent system optimization using an I\u2010optimal design to identify combinations of water, polyethylene glycol 400, and 95% ethanol for effective flavonoid recovery and solubilization. Three solvent systems (12:13:75, 10:30:60, and 6:60:34) were selected for oral spray formulation. Each formulation contained 0.03% sucralose, 0.3% menthol, 0.02% sodium methylparaben, and 0.18% sodium propylparaben. The resulting sprays demonstrated anticariogenic activity against\n                    <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Stability studies showed a decline in pH and flavonoid content over time, whereas viscosity and antimicrobial activity remained stable, as evidenced by inhibition zones. In summary, this study successfully combined extraction and solubilization optimization strategies to develop a fingerroot oral spray with potential anticariogenic properties.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/adpp\/5407088","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T10:16:44Z","timestamp":1782641804000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fingerroot Extract Oral Spray for Anticariogenic Purpose: Integration of Ultrasound\u2010Assisted Extraction and Solvent System Optimization"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0553-2252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaowalit","family":"Monton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5441-3770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thaniya","family":"Wunnakup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5223-9203","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jirapornchai","family":"Suksaeree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-7237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laksana","family":"Charoenchai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2022.764479"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.GPP3-0051-2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2017.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.991938"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2025.115728"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22311866.2025.2515542"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-38560-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fitote.2004.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/7602343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.51.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2024.e02509"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-824385-5.00002-9","volume-title":"Herbal Bioactive-based Drug Delivery Systems","author":"El Rayess Y.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/idh.12331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/AJRIMPS\/2022\/v11i230183"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47895\/amp.v59i4.10222"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.51200\/ijf.v1i1.4724","article-title":"Optimization of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction Conditions on Fingerroots (Boesenbergia rotunda) Rhizome and Its Antioxidant Activity","volume":"1","author":"Zulkipli N. 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