{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T08:00:09Z","timestamp":1789545609199,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766620800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":358,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Hematology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and secondary immunodeficiency (SID) are at risk of infection\u2010related morbidity and mortality owing to the disease process and treatment toxicity. This retrospective cohort study used anonymized data from the Optum\u2010Humedica database (October 2015\u2013March 2020) to assess the burden of infection in patients with MM and SID versus patients without SID. Patients aged \u2265\u200918\u2009years with confirmed MM were assigned to SID and no\u2010SID cohorts using an algorithm considering serum IgG levels &lt;\u20095.0\u2009g\/L, hypogammaglobulinemia diagnosis codes, and \u2265\u20091 major infection. Patients with SID were stratified into those treated or not treated with immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT and no\u2010IgRT cohorts). At 12\u2009months follow\u2010up, a greater proportion of the SID cohort than the no\u2010SID cohort experienced infections (58.9% vs. 31.3%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), severe infections (29.8% vs. 10.6%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001), and infection\u2010related hospitalizations (26.9% vs. 9.1%;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001). Bacterial infections were the most common infection type (SID cohort, 49.2%; no\u2010SID cohort, 26.1%; IgRT cohort, 70.4%; no\u2010IgRT cohort, 45.1%). Use of anti\u2010infectives and healthcare resource utilization was higher in the SID cohort than in the no\u2010SID cohort. Median overall survival was shorter in the SID versus no\u2010SID cohort (12.6 vs. 14.7\u2009months;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.001) and was similar in the IgRT versus no\u2010IgRT cohort (8.5 vs. 12.5\u2009months;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.446). Among patients with MM and SID, the higher infection burden in patients treated with IgRT than no\u2010IgRT suggests the IgRT cohort was a more vulnerable population. A better understanding of SID burden may improve outcomes for patients with MM.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/ah\/5340241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,25]],"date-time":"2025-12-25T23:19:39Z","timestamp":1766704779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Multiple Myeloma and Secondary Immunodeficiency: A Retrospective Database Analysis Assessing Burden of Infection and Treatment Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6491-6953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Csaba","family":"Siffel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4529-2003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew 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