{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T05:01:29Z","timestamp":1773032489934,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]],"date-time":"2025-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":277,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Analytical Cellular Pathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Asthma causes over 1000 deaths daily worldwide and is becoming one of the most prevalent and severe respiratory diseases. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of\n                      <jats:italic>Platycodon grandiflorum<\/jats:italic>\n                      extract (PGE) on asthma both in vivo and in vitro.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty Sprague\u2013Dawley (SD) rats were divided into named control (NC), asthma, and PGE high\u2010, medium\u2010, and low\u2010dose groups. The PGE groups were intragastrically administered the drug for 14 days. After treatment, pathological changes were observed using histological staining. Flow cytometry was used to observe changes in inflammatory cells. The expression of the toll\u2010like receptor 4\/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB) pathway proteins was detected using western blotting. Additionally, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010stimulated rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells were used for validation in vitro.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Histological staining revealed smooth muscle hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration in asthmatic mice. The pathological condition of the lung tissue of rats in all treatment groups improved, with the high\u2010dose group showing the most significant improvement. PGE treatment reduced the number of inflammatory cells recruited in the lung of asthmatic rats, and reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 levels. Western blotting showed that TLR4 and p\u2010P65 levels decreased significantly after PGE administration (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009 &lt; 0.05). Additionally, PGE treatment decreased apoptosis in LPS\u2010stimulated RTE cells and decreased TNF\u2010\u03b1, IL\u20101\u03b2, and IL\u20106 levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PGE inhibited inflammatory responses in asthmatic rats, which was validated at the cellular level. This therapeutic mechanism may be achieved through the regulation of the TLR4\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/ancp\/6617215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T06:40:18Z","timestamp":1759732818000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Platycodon grandiflorum<\/i>\n                    Extract Alleviates Inflammation During Asthma Development In Vivo and In Vitro"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7276-7087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingchao","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinle","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2021.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prrv.2019.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052412"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2019.40.4256"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","first-page":"17","article-title":"Asthma Phenotypes Today","volume":"45","author":"Cottini M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Annals of Allergy and Clinical Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bbb\/zbab099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03337-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40779-022-00366-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-023-02550-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.117565"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.15487"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.994878"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.155410"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2024.70.8.24"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111383"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2023.116719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154422"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.01.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.132617"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26154530"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA09443A"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/8107326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1105272"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906-019-2724-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/alr.21609"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-84048-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03550220061010"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.696734"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/1612829"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.4595"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","first-page":"381","article-title":"TNF-Alpha, IL-6 and IFN-Gamma Secreted by Bronchoalveolar Leukocytes Isolated From Patients With Bronchial Asthma, Complicated by Fungal Airways Infections","volume":"46","author":"Cembrzy\u0144ska-Nowak M.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23136939"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2017.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.606069"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c04082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.06.022"}],"container-title":["Analytical Cellular Pathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ancp\/6617215","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/ancp\/6617215","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/ancp\/6617215","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T04:09:54Z","timestamp":1773029394000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/ancp\/6617215"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Maria Beatrice","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/ancp\/6617215"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/ancp\/6617215","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2210-7177","2210-7185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2210-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2210-7185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-21","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-10-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6617215"}}