{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T11:19:32Z","timestamp":1787829572027,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787788800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":238,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Anemia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Iron deficiency (ID) and iron\u2010deficiency anemia (IDA) remain highly prevalent among U.S. reproductive\u2010age women, with substantial racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities. This study examined the contemporary burden of ID and IDA among U.S. reproductive\u2010age women using inflammation\u2010adjusted diagnostic criteria and an explicit health equity framework.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cross\u2010sectional analysis of 3322 women aged 18\u201349\u2009years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2015\u20132023). ID and IDA were defined using World Health Organization 2020 inflammation\u2010adjusted ferritin thresholds incorporating C\u2010reactive protein. Multivariable logistic regression examined associations between sociodemographic factors and iron status outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among nonpregnant women (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20093156), 27.4% had ID and 8% had IDA. Among pregnant women (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009166), 75.5% had ID and 8.3% had IDA. Non\u2010Hispanic Black women had 2.8\u2010fold higher odds of IDA (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.8, 95% CI 1.6, 4.9). Obesity was independently associated with ID (aOR 2.4, 95% CI 1.86, 3.24) in nonpregnant women and pregnant women (aOR 4.5, 95% CI 1.08, 18.76). Racial and ethnic disparities persisted after adjustment for education, income, and food security.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ID and IDA remain highly prevalent among U.S. reproductive\u2010age women, with substantial and persistent racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities. As a preventable and treatable condition with significant impacts on quality of life and pregnancy outcomes, it warrants greater clinical and public health attention, particularly among non\u2010Hispanic Black women, Hispanic women, women with obesity, and those experiencing socioeconomic disadvantages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/anem\/7951443","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T10:32:46Z","timestamp":1787826766000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Iron Deficiency and Iron\u2010Deficiency Anemia Among Reproductive\u2010Age Women in the United States: Prevalence and Disparities, 2015\u20132023"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5999-2900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pranav","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9892-8622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabaa","family":"Saad-Omer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2155-0939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Galvez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2585-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shweta","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.0452"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)32594-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60865-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41430-026-01728-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.70207"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2022.08.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2025.106372"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401038"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2023.01.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000044246"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MS9.0000000000003224"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232125"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.117.155853"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.141762"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.13967"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","article-title":"Anemia of Inflammation NEJM","volume":"381","author":"Ganz T.","year":"2026","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","volume-title":"WHO Guideline on Use of Ferritin Concentrations to Assess Iron Status in Populations","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004477"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","volume-title":"Guideline on Haemoglobin Cutoffs to Define Anaemia in Individuals and Populations","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-025-02084-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2022.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.32747\/2024.8453401.ers","volume-title":"The Food and Nutrition Assistance Landscape: Fiscal Year 2023 Annual Report","author":"Jones J. 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