{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T18:39:39Z","timestamp":1792607979560,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":293,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23FAA01731"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23FAA01731"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024C03128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024C03128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007928","name":"Ningbo Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023H023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023H023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007928","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020738","name":"K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aquaculture Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    ABSTRACT Aquaculture intensification has increased the demand for nutritional strategies that support immune responses and oxidative balance in cultured finfish and crustaceans, thereby reducing disease susceptibility and improving production stability. Butyrate, a short\u2010chain fatty acid increasingly incorporated into aquafeeds as a functional feed additive, has shown promise in enhancing immune responses and antioxidant defenses, but reported effects vary widely across species, life stages, and supplementation levels. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis synthesizes findings from 65 studies (1174 dose\u2013control comparisons) across 23 aquaculture species to assess butyrate\u2019s effects on innate and adaptive immunity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity. Dietary butyrate generally enhanced innate immune responses (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.14, 95% CI: 1.66\u20132.63) and antioxidant enzyme activity (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.59, 95% CI: 1.07\u20132.12), increased IL\u201010 (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.64), and reduced MDA (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009\u22121.36). Effects on adaptive immunity were positive but more heterogeneous among studies (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.98, 95% CI: 0.33\u20131.63), and pooled effects on pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, chemotactic cytokines, and immune signaling pathways were not significant. Trim\u2010and\u2010fill adjustment attenuated the pooled estimates for innate immunity (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.33) and antioxidant enzymes (\n                    <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.84), indicating possible small\u2010study effects. In dose\u2013response meta\u2010regression, dietary inclusion level explained little of the heterogeneity (pseudo\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009\u22646.3%), and no inclusion range was consistently associated with stronger responses. These findings support butyrate as a promising functional feed additive, while indicating that dose recommendations require species\u2010specific dose\u2013response trials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/1873426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T17:55:04Z","timestamp":1792605304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dietary Butyrate as a Functional Feed Additive in Aquaculture: A Systematic Review and Meta\u2010Analysis of Immunological and Antioxidant Responses With Dose\u2013Response Insights"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8355-8751","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moussa","family":"Gouife","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Development and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory School of Marine Science Ningbo University  Ningbo 315211 China  nbu.edu.cn"},{"name":"National Advanced School of Maritime and Ocean Science and Technology (ENSTMO) University of Ebolowa  Kribi Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0226-2522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tchouli","family":"Noufeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Higher School of Agriculture Fisheries and Veterinary Medicine (ENSAHV) University of Douala  Douala Cameroon  univ-douala.cm"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Development and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory School of Marine Science Ningbo University  Ningbo 315211 China  nbu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8667-8482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiwen","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Development and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory School of Marine Science Ningbo University  Ningbo 315211 China  nbu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3931-4766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiajie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Development and Metabolic Engineering Laboratory School of Marine Science Ningbo University  Ningbo 315211 China  nbu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","first-page":"99","volume-title":"Aquatic Food Security","author":"Bhujel R. 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