{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:44:15Z","timestamp":1782798255627,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":179,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aquaculture Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In pond carp production, there is growing interest in producing larvae out of season to shorten the production cycle and increase profitability. For this reason, carp fries are produced in indoor recirculation systems, where larvae are fed\n                    <jats:italic>Artemia salina<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Due to the limited ability of fish larvae to digest conventional microdiets\u2014attributable to their short, agastric intestines\u2014live feed remains essential. Therefore, the encapsulation of micronutrients, such as vitamins, may improve delivery efficiency. To address these challenges, three trials were conducted with the following aims: (i) to develop the most effective weaning strategy; (ii) to evaluate the best encapsulation method for vitamin delivery to larvae; (iii) to test different protein sources in microdiets; and (iv) to assess the effectiveness of vitamin supplementation under stress conditions. The data on production parameters demonstrated that feeding common carp larvae with\n                    <jats:italic>Artemia<\/jats:italic>\n                    for 8 days, followed by a 4\u2010day co\u2010feeding period, is necessary to initiate the utilization and nutrient uptake from microdiets. Regarding vitamin delivery via encapsulation technology, better performance was achieved when proteins were used as encapsulating agents compared to oil\u2010based carriers. Additionally, the survival rate of fish fed with plant\u2010based microdiets was significantly lower (66.2%\u2009\u00b1\u200911.2%) than that of larvae fed with fish\u2010based diets (91.1%\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0%) at 32 days post\u2010hatch (dph). With respect to vitamin supplementation, enrichment with water\u2010soluble vitamins (WSVs) was not detected in fish larvae; however, a slight association was observed between antioxidant vitamin levels and stress markers. In conclusion, fish\u2010based microdiets show strong potential as a substitute for live feed in indoor carp larval rearing from 12\u2009dph onward. However, further development of the encapsulation process is necessary to improve the delivery efficiency of WSV.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/3026254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T05:06:08Z","timestamp":1782795968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizing Feeding Regimes and Vitamin Delivery Methods in Microdiet for Improving Survival and Growth of Carp Larvae"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5216-6964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna J.","family":"S\u00e1ndor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7312-6996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00e1szl\u00f3","family":"Ard\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5939-5284","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Stanivuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4359-0656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila","family":"Terhes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5234-2465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shivendra","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.12031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0426.1995.tb00036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00508-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J028v13n01_05"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15598"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24925\/turjaf.v7i10.1575-1580.2611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37077\/25200860.2024.37.1.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(01)00699-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2004.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.4194\/1303-2712-v12_3_18","article-title":"Relative Efficiencies of Artemia Nauplii, Dry Food and Mixed Food Diets in Intensive Rearing of Larval Crucian Carp (Carassius Carassius","volume":"12","author":"Dem\u00e9ny F.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(97)00117-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/are\/8797421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22092\/ijfs.2018.114280"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","first-page":"2155","article-title":"Influence of Feeding Regimes on the Digestive Enzyme Profile and Ultrastructure of Digestive Tract of First Feeding Catla catla (Hamilton) Larvae","volume":"5","author":"Meetei L. 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