{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T04:28:51Z","timestamp":1786336131823,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]],"date-time":"2026-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":220,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aquaculture Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The prospective utilization of insects as alternative protein sources to replace fishmeal (FM) in aquafeed has prompted increased interest. This study evaluated the effects of yellow mealworm\n                    <jats:italic>Tenebrio molitor<\/jats:italic>\n                    (TML)\u2010based diet supplemented with 2% mixed probiotics on growth performance and resistance to\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in Nile tilapia (\n                    <jats:italic>Oreochromis niloticus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Six experimental diets were formulated. The control group (CTRL) received commercial feed containing 30% FM. In the experimental groups (T25P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , T50P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and T100P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), FM was replaced with TML at inclusion rates of 25%, 50%, and 100%, respectively. The T50P\n                    <jats:sup>\u2013<\/jats:sup>\n                    group was identical to the T50P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    group but lacked probiotics, whereas the CTRLP\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    group received the control diet (without TML) supplemented with 2% probiotics. Juvenile tilapia weighing 12.81\u2009\u00b1\u20091.37\u2009g were fed the respective diets for 8 weeks. By the end of the feeding trial, fish receiving the T50P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    diet exhibited superior overall performance, characterized by a significantly higher weight gain (WG; 91%) and survival rate (98%) compared with the CTRL (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). This group also demonstrated markedly enhanced digestive enzyme activities, including protease (30.5\u201334.7\u2009U\/mg), lipase (18.2\u201322.6\u2009U\/mg), and amylase (20.8\u201323.5\u2009U\/mg), alongside elevated lysozyme activity, improved antioxidant capacity, and stronger bactericidal activity. Although the T100P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    diet led to improvements in several parameters relative to the control, its overall performance remained inferior to that of the T50P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    group, indicating that partial replacement of FM was more effective than complete substitution. Furthermore, fish fed the T50P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    diet displayed enhanced fillet quality, evidenced by higher crude protein (CP) content (59.63%) and a moderate lipid level (29.73%). Following challenge with\n                    <jats:italic>Aeromonas hydrophila<\/jats:italic>\n                    , the T50P\n                    <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                    group showed a substantially reduced mortality rate (20%) compared with the CTRL (80%), confirming a pronounced improvement in disease resistance. Overall, the results suggest that replacing 50% of FM with TML in combination with probiotics enhances growth, nutrient utilization, immune function, and pathogen resistance in Nile tilapia. This TML\u2013probiotic formulation represents a promising, sustainable, and effective alternative to conventional aquafeeds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/5390688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T03:52:06Z","timestamp":1786333926000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Combined Dietary Effects of\n                    <i>Tenebrio molitor<\/i>\n                    Meal and Probiotics on Growth Performance, Immune Response, and Pathogen Resistance in Nile Tilapia (\n                    <i>Oreochromis niloticus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1249-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivaramasamy","family":"Elayaraja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-695X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vlastimil","family":"Stejskal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2294-788X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raja","family":"Subramaniyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9803-4182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Santosh Kumar","family":"Karn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2009-322X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud","family":"Mabrok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5711-9294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Channarong","family":"Rodkhum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","volume-title":"FAO Yearbook of Fishery and Aquaculture Statistics","author":"Fishery F.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su13126853"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2022.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-020-00566-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.13147"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-024-01498-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2023.739500"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S365254"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14212"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-98621-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.736070"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2015.4170"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2014.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741648"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2022.06.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12091211"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23308249.2020.1795616"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2016.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030811"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1355-557x.2001.00024.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2012.08.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5557931"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.02429"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2022.115286"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2019.100250","article-title":"Effects of Increasing Dietary Carbohydrate Level on Feed Utilisation, Body Composition, Liver Glycogen, and Intestinal Short Chain Fatty Acids of Hybrid Lemon Fin Barb (Barbonymus gonionotus\u2640 X Hypsibarbus wetmorei male\u2642)","volume":"16","author":"Sulaiman M. 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