{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:04:58Z","timestamp":1785229498789,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":208,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013061","name":"Jilin Scientific and Technological Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20200402038NC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20200402038NC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aquaculture Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this study, glucose was used as the carbon source for the bioflocs in each group, with a carbon\u2010to\u2010nitrogen ratio (C\/N) of 20\u2009:\u20091. Juvenile\n                    <jats:italic>Rhynchocypris lagowskii<\/jats:italic>\n                    Dybowski (6.89\u2009\u00b1\u20090.02\u2009g) were used as the experimental animals. Soybean meal (SBM) protein replaced 0.0% (CK), 17.0% (B17), 34.0% (B34), 51.0% (B51), and 68.0% (B68) of fish meal protein to formulate five isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets for an 8\u2010week feeding trial. Under biofloc technology (BFT) conditions, the B68 group exhibited significantly lower growth performance (final weight [FW], weight gain rate [WGR], specific growth rate [SGR], feed efficiency ratio [FER], protein efficiency ratio [PER]) and muscle crude protein content compared to the CK group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The B51 group showed significantly reduced activities of hepatopancreatic and intestinal protease (PRS), as well as of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH\u2010PX), and total antioxidant capacity (T\u2010AOC) in the distal intestine (DI). Meanwhile, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the DI was significantly increased in both the B51 and B68 groups (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). The B68 group showed significantly increased serum GPT, GOT, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, and significantly decreased hepatopancreatic GPT and GOT activities as well as serum complement 3 (C3), complement 4 (C4), and LSZ levels (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). In the B68 group, the expression levels of multiple genes were significantly downregulated (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05): IGF\u20101 in the mid intestine (MI) and DI, S6K in the hepatopancreas and DI, and ZO\u20101, mTOR, IL\u201010, TGF\u2010\u03b2, Nrf2, Maf, HO\u20101, CAT, GSH\u2010PX, and occludin\u2010a in the DI. In contrast, significant up\u2010regulation was observed for TNF\u2010\u03b1 (in MI and DI), as well as for 4E\u2010BP, NF\u2010\u03baB, IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20108, and Keap1 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt; 0.05). In the BFT, SBM substitution (replacing \u226551% of fish meal protein) disrupted intestinal morphological integrity. This led to reduced muscularis thickness and fold height, increased lamina propria width, villus breakage, altered gut permeability, and elevated serum endothelin\u20101 (ET\u20101), D\u2010lactic acid (D\u2010LA), 5\u2010hydroxytryptamine (5\u2010HT), and diamine oxidase (DAO) levels. These changes are accompanied by changes in the structure of dominant intestinal microflora. Concluded, the proportion of SBM replacing fish meal should be lower than 34% under BFT system.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/5561983","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:45:39Z","timestamp":1785228339000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Maximum 34% Substitution of Fish Meal by Soybean Meal Is Recommended for\n                    <i>Rhynchocypris lagowskii<\/i>\n                    Dybowski Cultured in Biofloc Systems: Evidence From Growth and Intestinal Barrier Function"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Yong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-7731-2647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deng-Lai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke-xin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Fang","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4854-3149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0297-1891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.734503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/2643235"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/naaq.10190"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0044-8486(03)00395-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2017.08.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.14689"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737030"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10499-010-9359-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2016.12.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2095.2012.00945.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.10.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpc.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15217"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aqrep.2021.100756"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.734952"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2018.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2016.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13215"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13151"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.10.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2008.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaeng.2011.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2017.11.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","unstructured":"PutraI. 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