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Although probiotics have shown promise in ameliorating metabolic disorders, the mechanisms by which they interact with the gut microbiota\u2013bile acid (BA) axis in fish remain poorly understood. In this study, common carp were fed an HCHF diet to establish a glycolipid disorder model, followed by dietary supplementation with\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (LP) and\n                    <jats:italic>Bacillus licheniformis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (BL) for 8 weeks. Multiomics approaches, including\n                    <jats:italic>16S<\/jats:italic>\n                    rRNA sequencing, targeted BA metabolomics, and untargeted intestinal metabolomics, were integrated with phenotypic, biochemical, histomorphological, and molecular analyses. HCHF feeding significantly promoted growth but was associated with systemic glycolipid dysfunction. Probiotic supplementation improved glycolipid profiles and antioxidant capacity, alleviated hepatopancreatic lipid accumulation and damage, and activated the hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR)\/small heterodimer partner (SHP) signaling pathway. Both probiotics reshaped the gut microbiota by enriching the fish\u2010specific beneficial bacterium\n                    <jats:italic>Cetobacterium somerae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and taxa with potential bile salt hydrolase activity, while also modulating key intestinal metabolic pathways. Notably, BL exerted a more pronounced regulatory effect on BA profiles. These findings suggest that LP and BL alleviate HCHF\u2010induced glycolipid disorders in common carp, with the gut microbiota\u2013BA axis serving as a potential key regulatory node, providing a theoretical basis for probiotic application in functional aquafeeds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/6145147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T06:23:41Z","timestamp":1790749421000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Bacillus licheniformis<\/i>\n                    Ameliorate High\u2010Carbohydrate\u2013High\u2010Fat\u2010Induced Glycolipid Disorders in Common Carp in Association With the Gut Microbiota and Bile Acid Axis"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5788-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Pang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries Henan Normal University No. 46 Jianshe Road  Xinxiang 453007 Henan Province China  henannu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7626-2128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiao","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries Henan Normal University No. 46 Jianshe Road  Xinxiang 453007 Henan Province China  henannu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries Henan Normal University No. 46 Jianshe Road  Xinxiang 453007 Henan Province China  henannu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1255-0640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiali","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries Henan Normal University No. 46 Jianshe Road  Xinxiang 453007 Henan Province China  henannu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5259-9305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaobin","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries Henan Normal University No. 46 Jianshe Road  Xinxiang 453007 Henan Province China  henannu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3667-3541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries Henan Normal University No. 46 Jianshe Road  Xinxiang 453007 Henan Province China  henannu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0758-9933","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guoxing","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Fisheries Henan Normal University No. 46 Jianshe Road  Xinxiang 453007 Henan Province China  henannu.edu.cn"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-03173-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"FAO The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2024 \u2013 Blue Transformation in Action 2024 Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4060\/cd0683en.","DOI":"10.4060\/cd0683en"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03308-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","unstructured":"ZeF. 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