{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T12:03:56Z","timestamp":1784289836138,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":197,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013142","name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZDYF2024XDNY275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZDYF2024XDNY275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013142","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32503173"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32503173"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020760","name":"Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKJC-JYRC-2025-54"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKJC-JYRC-2025-54"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020760","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Aquaculture Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Yeast culture (YC) is widely applied as a functional feed additive, yet the mechanisms by which it regulates hepatic health, metabolism, and immune capacity in teleosts remain unclear. Here, juvenile\n                    <jats:italic>Plectropomus leopardus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were fed diets supplemented with 2.0% (YC2.0) or 8.0% YC (YC8.0) for 60 days, followed by hepatic histophysiological assessment, liver transcriptomic\/metabolomic profiling, and an in vitro hepatocyte challenge with nervous necrosis virus (NNV). YC2.0 pincreased lipid droplet accumulation, improved antioxidant status, and lower aspartate aminotransferase(AST)\/alanine aminotransferase (ALT)\/alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and MDA in the liver than the control (Con) and YC8.0 groups. RNA\u2010seq identified 915 hepatic differentially expressed genes (DEGs): YC2.0\u2010specific genes were enriched in steroid hormone biosynthesis, bile secretion, and rhythmic regulation, whereas YC8.0\u2010upregulated clusters were enriched in NOD\u2010like receptor and JAK\u2013STAT signaling, hematopoietic cell lineage, and apoptosis, with elevated immune\u2010 and apoptosis\u2010related markers (\n                    <jats:italic>nlrp1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>mcub<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>myc<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>map1lc3b<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>gadd45\u03b2\/\u03b3<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). Metabolomics identified 680 differential metabolites across the three groups, showing that YC2.0 predominantly enhanced purine\/nucleotide and glycerophospholipid metabolism, while YC8.0 shifted toward amino acid\u2010centered pathways (arginine biosynthesis, histidine metabolism, and FoxO signaling). Multiomics integration revealed positive correlations of L\u2010aspartic acid (L\u2010Asp) and glutamic acid (Glu) with inflammatory DEGs, and of glycerophosphoethanolamine (Geptn) with apoptosis\u2010related DEGs. In vitro, YC pretreatment alleviated NNV\u2010induced cytopathic effects (CPEs) in hepatocytes, suppressed viral mRNA accumulation, and reduced the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines (\n                    <jats:italic>il1<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u03b2,\n                    <jats:italic>ifng<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>il6<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>il12a<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>il16<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>tnfsf14<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and immune pathway related DEGs. Collectively, these results characterize dose\u2010dependent effects of YC on hepatic physiology and immune regulation, supporting its application as a functional aquafeed supplement.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/anu\/6228089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T11:15:46Z","timestamp":1784286946000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Multi\u2010omics Insights Into the Effect of Feeding Yeast Culture on the Liver Metabolism and Immunity of\n                    <i>Plectropomus leopardus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Chenlin","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-5812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongyao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongyi","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiahang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0865-5340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaofan","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenmin","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjie","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12571-015-0427-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25516-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665116000665"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fishes10090471"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2024.741910"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2011.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2020.04.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071671"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2018.08.044","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Yeast Culture on Growth Performance, Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Gibel Carp (Carassius auratus gibelio CAS III)","volume":"82","author":"Zhang P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Fish & Shellfish Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2025.110484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jwas.12887"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.2012.03139.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-024-10099-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox14020223"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12152"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1755-0998.13207"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12562-014-0832-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","first-page":"23","article-title":"Coral Trout Plectropomus leopardus Aquaculture Research and Fingerling Production in Indonesia","volume":"25","author":"Asih Y. 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