{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:52:46Z","timestamp":1773013966670,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":87,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["AIDS Research and Treatment"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Introduction:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We aimed to evaluate the clinical presentation and diagnosis process of all newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients and conduct a \u2018look back\u2019 for barriers to care to aid a greater understanding of interventions to reduce late presentation.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    We evaluated 102 patients with newly diagnosed HIV who were referred to Melaka Hospital\u2019s infectious disease (ID) team from January 2021 to December 2022 via retrospective case record review. They were categorised into late presenters (LPs) and nonlate presenters (NLPs). LP is defined as persons presenting for care with a cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) count below 350\u2009cells\/\u03bcL or presenting with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining event, regardless of the CD4 cell count. Demographic characteristics, individual and healthcare system barriers and treatment outcomes were evaluated.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    There were 89.2% of LPs, with 56.9% presenting with opportunistic infection (OI). Median CD4 for LPs upon diagnosis was 53\u2009cells\/\u03bcL.\n                    <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>\n                    pneumonia was the most common presenting OI. Most were men who had sex with men (MSM) with more university graduates among the NLPs compared to LPs (36.4% vs. 8.8%,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u20090.02). 9.9% of LPs experienced pitfalls during healthcare consultation, leading to late presentation, which was labelled as adverse events. LP\u2019s median time from diagnosis to first ID consultation was 7\u2009days, and all patients\u2032 median duration of antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation was 24\u2009days. 82.4% of the patients were still on follow\u2010up, with 69.6% achieving virological suppression at 6\u2009months of ART. The mortality rate was 5.9%, all of which were LPs, and most were MSM.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Late presentation remains challenging, with 9.9% of potent preventable adverse events. Morbidity meetings are crucial for immediate feedback to involved healthcare providers. Community\u2010based organisations also play an essential role in identifying and providing linkage of high\u2010risk groups to early HIV screening and diagnosis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/arat\/7548833","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T06:06:17Z","timestamp":1743228377000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Barriers to Care for Newly Diagnosed HIV Patients: Insights From a Single\u2010Centre Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2025","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6724-5618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo Yen","family":"Yong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6514-1136","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nor Zaila","family":"Zaidan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4650-5437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wee Fu","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272405"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05261-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2010.00857.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1507198"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejmoa1506816"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/sh20180"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","unstructured":"Aidsdatahub https:\/\/www.aidsdatahub.org."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","unstructured":"Ecdc European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC)\/WHO Regional Office for Europe: HIV\/AIDS Surveillance in Europe 2017 Data ECDC Stockholm."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","unstructured":"UNAIDS https:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/topics\/2025_target_setting."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0246"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","unstructured":"Testnow https:\/\/testnow.com.my\/self-test."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-009194"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","volume-title":"HIV Exceptionalism: Development Through Disease in Sierra Leone","author":"Benton A.","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-867"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1776-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2015.22.138.4352"}],"container-title":["AIDS Research and Treatment"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/arat\/7548833","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/arat\/7548833","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/arat\/7548833","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:38:44Z","timestamp":1773009524000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/arat\/7548833"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Simone","family":"Carradori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/arat\/7548833"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/arat\/7548833","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2090-1240","2090-1259"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2090-1240","type":"print"},{"value":"2090-1259","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-06-07","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-03-29","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"7548833"}}