{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:27:23Z","timestamp":1787030843041,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":228,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Advances in Virology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza is a major cause of acute respiratory infections worldwide. In tropical regions such as Sub\u2010Saharan Africa, influenza circulates year\u2010round with irregular peaks, yet genomic data guiding prevention strategies remain limited. This study characterized the genetic diversity and seasonal dynamics of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses circulating in Burkina Faso in 2024.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted from January to December 2024, including seven sentinel surveillance sites. Patients presenting with influenza\u2010like illness or severe acute respiratory illness were enrolled. Respiratory specimens were tested by real\u2010time RT\u2010PCR. Influenza\u2010positive samples with a cycle threshold \u2264\u200930 underwent whole\u2010genome sequencing using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina platforms. Phylogenetic analyses and clade assignment were performed using MEGA Version 12.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 2951 samples tested, 6.74% were positive for influenza viruses. Females had higher odds of influenza positivity than males (OR\u2009=\u20091.48; 95% CI: 1.11\u20131.98). A significantly higher risk of positivity was observed in the age groups of 5\u201315\u2009years (OR\u2009=\u20091.67; 95% CI: 1.07\u20132.52;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) and 25\u201350\u2009years (OR\u2009=\u20092.54; 95% CI: 1.53\u20134.03;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Influenza A(H3N2) peaked in July, while A(H1N1)pdm09 peaked in October. Phylogenetic analysis of 43 genomes revealed co\u2010circulation of multiple clades within both subtypes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Influenza A viruses circulating in Burkina Faso in 2024 showed substantial genetic diversity, underscoring the need for continuous genomic surveillance to inform vaccine strain selection and public health strategies in tropical Africa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/av\/6901688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:12:45Z","timestamp":1787029965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Genomic Surveillance and Phylogenetic Analysis of Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 and A(H3N2) Viruses in Burkina Faso, 2024"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3523-1410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cath\u00e9rine","family":"Sawadogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7589-1878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Assana","family":"Ciss\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4999-534X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Gouba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7241-5182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdoul Kader","family":"Ilboudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3714-1427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madi","family":"Savadogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5651-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moussa","family":"Lingani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7633-7999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"W.O. Kabore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3871-6699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grissoum","family":"Tarnagda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7019-6553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean Bienvenue","family":"Ouoba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie","family":"Dama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7743-4910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anicet","family":"Dahourou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandrine","family":"Gampini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-4658-500X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Ouedraogo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7320-3392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Z\u00e9kiba","family":"Tarnagda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)33293-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad577"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v14112414"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2396867"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virs.2025.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06945"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2024.08.23.24312476"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2909.230307"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12259"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000566"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2017.27.35.10197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-023-02067-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44298-025-00126-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12539"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm7029a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29402-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.64707\/revstss.v48i1.1793"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14760584.2025.2515597"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","volume-title":"Immunization Data portal-African Region","author":"WHO Immunization Data","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2025.52.98.43862"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","volume-title":"Assessing the Risk of Influenza for the EU\/EEA in the Context of Increasing Circulation of A(H3N2) Subclade K. 20 Novemb 2025","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","volume-title":"Global Genomic Surveillance Strategy for Pathogens with Pandemic and Epidemic Potential 2022-2032","author":"The World Health Organization","year":"2026"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30939-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2019.24.33.1900421"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.70010"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12830"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/hs.2019.0068"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2707.210462"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","volume-title":"Multi-segment Reverse Transcription-PCR (MRT-PCR) of Influenza A Viruses for Sequencing","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01109-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","volume-title":"Recommendations Guiding Medical Doctors in Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects","author":"Declaration of Helsinki","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2012.00389.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12647"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis576"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2839-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","volume-title":"Influenza (Flu)","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-19996-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11257-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms12112363"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-49157-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI122895"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-80895-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","volume-title":"Recommended Composition of Influenza Virus Vaccines for Use in the 2023 Southern Hemisphere Influenza Season","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-37122-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13040334"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2025.105797"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_2","volume-title":"Recommended Composition of Influenza Virus Vaccines for Use in the 2023-2024 Northern Hemisphere Influenza Season","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.70184"}],"container-title":["Advances in Virology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/av\/6901688","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/av\/6901688","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/av\/6901688","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:12:47Z","timestamp":1787029967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/av\/6901688"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Junki","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/av\/6901688"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/av\/6901688","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1687-8639","1687-8647"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1687-8639","type":"print"},{"value":"1687-8647","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-05-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-09","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-17","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"6901688"}}