{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:26:24Z","timestamp":1773012384048,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]],"date-time":"2026-03-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":62,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001338","name":"University of Capetown","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001321","name":"National Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001321","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bioinorganic Chemistry and Applications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The search for metal\u2010based anticancer agents with improved efficacy and reduced side effects is ongoing. The activities of these anticancer drugs depend on their aqueous stability, substitutional reactivity at target sites (cytotoxicity) and nontarget sites (toxicity), as well as their transportation and cell bioavailability. In this study, six square\u2010planar Pt(II) and Pd(II) complexes (Pt\/PdL1Cl\u20103), all bearing the bis(azaaryl)amine (azaaryl\u2009=\u2009quinoline or phenanthridine) chelating ligands, were synthesised and characterised by various spectroscopic methods. Their biochemical interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA)\/deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and rates of ligand exchange with biological nucleophiles (guanine and thiourea) were probed spectrophotometrically. DFT\u2010optimised molecular structures in Gaussian 9 were computed. Molecular docking simulations of the optimised structures at the receptors of CT\u2010DNA, BSA and relevant enzymes that upregulate cancer progression were conducted. The metal complexes showed moderate to strong interactions (\n                    <jats:italic>K<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    ca.10\n                    <jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) with calf thymus DNA (CT\u2010DNA) and BSA. On BSA, the metal complexes were predominantly bound in Subdomain IIIA. Ethidium bromide\u2019s (EtBr) competitive binding titrations and docking simulations suggested that these complexes are bimodal DNA binders, functioning both as groove binders and partial intercalators. The rates of chloride substitutions decreased in the order:\n                    <jats:bold>PdL1Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u2009\n                    <jats:bold>PdL2Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u2009\n                    <jats:bold>PdL3Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    and\n                    <jats:bold>PtL1Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u2009\n                    <jats:bold>PtL2Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u2009\n                    <jats:bold>PtL3Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    . Molecular docking of\n                    <jats:bold>PtL1Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    predicted stronger binding affinity towards proteins associated with the inhibition of proteases for cervical (PDB: 5VBN), breast (4DRH) and prostate cancers (PDB: XPO1). The in vitro cytotoxic effects of uncoordinated ligands (\n                    <jats:bold>L1-L3<\/jats:bold>\n                    ) and their respective\n                    <jats:bold>Pt\/PdL1Cl-3<\/jats:bold>\n                    metal complexes were tested at a single dose of 10\u2009\u03bcM in the human breast (MCF\u20107, T47D and MDA\u2010MB\u2010231), cervical (HeLa and CaSki) and pancreatic (PANC\u20101 and CFPAC\u20101) cancer cell lines, as well in a noncancerous human dermal fibroblasts (FG\u20100) cell line. The\n                    <jats:bold>Pt\/PdL1Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    complexes showed promise as lead inhibitory compounds against breast (T47D, MDA\u2010MB\u2010231) and pancreatic (PANC\u20101) cancer cells. The efficacy of\n                    <jats:bold>PtL1Cl<\/jats:bold>\n                    against the T47D cell line was superior to that of the anticancer drug cisplatin.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bca\/6206843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T22:10:33Z","timestamp":1773007833000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Substitution Kinetics, DNA\/BSA Interactions, Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Computational Analysis of [\n                    <i>bis<\/i>\n                    \u2010(azaaryl)amine)Pt(II)\/Pd(II)Cl] Complexes, Azaaryl\u2009=\u2009Quinoline or Phenanthridine"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-0657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phakamani C.","family":"Dlamini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thato T.","family":"Medupe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5356-9247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy W.","family":"Macharia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karabo","family":"Serala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6975-5255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharon","family":"Prince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2892-5481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregory S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9680-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irvin N.","family":"Booysen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8113-3643","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allen","family":"Mambanda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c0dt00292e"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.5b00597"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s007060070059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13738-015-0804-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/om3006239"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2011.11.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic201807a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11243-024-00601-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ica.2023.121730"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2015.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ic010336p"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.7b00075"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.inorgchem.0c01584"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41557-019-0357-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00958972.2013.832228"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cbic.201000576"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11144-023-02504-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00958972.2019.1573994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d5dt00224a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-025-03252-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","volume-title":"Gaussian 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