{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:00:15Z","timestamp":1790164815120,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790121600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":265,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health challenge in sub\u2010Saharan Africa, including Ghana, despite the infant vaccination programs. Limited data exist on HBV prevalence and predictors in informal sector populations, who may face unique occupational and behavioral exposures. This study assessed the prevalence and predictors of HBV infection among sellers and workers at Kejetia Market, Ghana\u2032s largest commercial hub.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted among 489 adult market workers from December 4, 2024, to January 25, 2025. Participants were selected through stratified random sampling across occupational groups. Data on sociodemographic, occupational, and behavioral factors were collected using structured questionnaires. On\u2010site testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was performed using the Hightop One Step Rapid Test kit. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent predictors of HBV infection.\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall prevalence of HBV infection was 7.36% (36\/489), consistent with intermediate\u2010to\u2010high endemicity. Multivariate analysis identified three independent predictors of HBV infection. Female gender (aOR = 0.455, 95% CI: 0.221\u20130.937;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033) and absence of tattoos (aOR = 0.283, 95% CI: 0.110\u20130.730;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.009) were associated with lower risk of HBV infection, whereas unvaccinated individuals had 3.37\u2010fold increased odds of getting the infection (95% CI: 1.395\u20138.142;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007). HBV prevalence declined progressively with increasing vaccine doses, from 9.2% in unvaccinated individuals to 2.3% among those who had completed three or more doses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>HBV infection is common among Kejetia Market workers, with prevalence exceeding both continental and global estimates. Gender, tattooing, and vaccination status were significant predictors of infection. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted adult Hepatitis B vaccination programs and strengthened occupational health interventions. They also emphasize the importance of regulating high\u2010risk practices such as informal tattooing within Ghana\u2032s informal sector to reduce HBV burden and achieve Ghana\u2032s contribution to the WHO goal of eliminating HBV by 2030.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/1412674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:04:32Z","timestamp":1790161472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and Predictors of Hepatitis B Virus Infection Among Sellers and Workers at West Africa\u2032s Largest Market, Kejetia, Ghana: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6891-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"De-Graft Kwaku Ofosu","family":"Boateng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0265-1822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Agyemang","family":"Obeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua Kofi","family":"Attah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-6011-9946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Latif Koney","family":"Shardow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0898-6548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clinton Owusu","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0232-7376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Kobina","family":"Okwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3961-4426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Senam Yawa Nunamey","family":"Ahadzie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6657-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pius","family":"Takyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7531-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godfred Yawson","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5698-4461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Akwasi Amponsah","family":"Abrampah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix Kusi","family":"Boakye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4645-5552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Oduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1744-7447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel Dzemedo","family":"Nouwati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-2694-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kofi Bonsu","family":"Amankwah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1000-0193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reem Mahmoud","family":"Hassanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed Mahi","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4560-3118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abu Abudu","family":"Rahamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_1_2","unstructured":"Hepatitis B https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hepatitis-b."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00760-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30579-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0234348"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730040-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20054142"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijregi.2023.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14618-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0334205"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13104-023-06624-4\/TABLES\/4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12879-016-1467-5\/FIGURES\/9"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15459620903066008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8899638"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su142416682"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_2","volume-title":"Street Vendor Exclusion in \u201cModern\u201d Market Planning: A Case Study From Kumasi, Ghana","author":"Okoye V.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_16_2","unstructured":"Goals SD Epidemiology -2016 - WHO - Draft Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis 2021 2016\u201321."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2025.09.18.25336118"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_18_2","unstructured":"Raosoft Sample Size Calculator by Raosoft Inc https:\/\/www.raosoft.com\/samplesize.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2772-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLD.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2733-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S44370-025-00016-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12879-025-10550-0\/TABLES\/5"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4219413"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/9438762"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/JPHIA.2016.584"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1434816"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12879-024-09839-3\/METRICS"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(23)00197-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_30_2","unstructured":"WHO Elimination of Hepatitis by 2030 https:\/\/www.who.int\/health-topics\/hepatitis\/elimination-of-hepatitis-by-2030?utm_source=chatgpt.com#tab=tab_1."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/IJERPH17093293"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13690-021-00686-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_33_2","first-page":"59","article-title":"Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface (HBsAg) Antigen in Three Densely Populated Communities in Kumasi, Ghana","volume":"1","author":"Kumasi G.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Medical and Biomedical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S12913-025-13020-0\/TABLES\/4"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S259375;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE\/CHAPTER"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403814"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43066-022-00207-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_38_2","unstructured":"KoY. C. LanS. J. andChangP. Y. An Increased Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection From Tattooing in Taiwan. - Abstract - Europe PMC https:\/\/europepmc.org\/article\/med\/2362302."},{"key":"e_1_2_14_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/JVH.12974"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/2487837"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2019.1640428"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145209"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54106\/215.jmbs7z"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13104-019-4561-0\/TABLES\/3"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/HSR2.1681"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/23259582241274305"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/1412674","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/bmri\/1412674","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/1412674","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T11:04:37Z","timestamp":1790161477000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bmri\/1412674"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bmri\/1412674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bmri\/1412674","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-10-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1412674"}}