{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:59:27Z","timestamp":1790834367534,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790726400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":272,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR)\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n pose an increasing therapeutic challenge due to rising antibiotic resistance and limited treatment options. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity and phytochemical composition of plant preparations from\n Froriepia subpinnata<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Eryngium caucasicum<\/jats:italic>\n against MDR urinary\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 91 MDR\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates recovered from urine samples were examined. The antibacterial activities of the essential oil of\n Froriepia subpinnata<\/jats:italic>\n (EoFs), the ethanolic extract of\n Froriepia subpinnata<\/jats:italic>\n (EtFs), the ethanolic extract of\n Eryngium caucasicum<\/jats:italic>\n (EtEc), the aqueous extract of\n Froriepia subpinnata<\/jats:italic>\n (AqFs), and the aqueous extract of\n Eryngium caucasicum<\/jats:italic>\n (AqEc) were assessed using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays to determine inhibition zones, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). RP\u2010HPLC and GC\u2013MS analyses were performed to conduct preliminary phytochemical profiling of the plant preparations and to generate a tentative chromatographic fingerprint of the essential oil, respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The isolates exhibited extensive resistance to the tested antibiotics. Among the plant\u2010derived preparations, EoFs showed the broadest descriptive antibacterial profile. Across the tested concentration range, EoFs inhibited 49 of 91 isolates (54%). At the highest tested concentration, inhibition and killing were observed in 25 (27%) and 15 (16%) isolates, respectively. The overall descriptive activity pattern was EoFs\u2009>\u2009EtFs\u2009>\u2009EtEc\u2009>\u2009AqFs\u2009>\u2009AqEc. MIC and MBC distributions differed significantly among the five preparations (Friedman\u2032s test,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 3.28 \u00d7 10\n \u22127<\/jats:sup>\n and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n = 1.37 \u00d7 10\n \u22127<\/jats:sup>\n , respectively), although Kendall\u2032s\n W<\/jats:italic>\n values indicated small overall effect magnitudes (\n W<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.098 and\n W<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.103, respectively). Holm\u2010adjusted pairwise comparisons showed lower MIC and MBC values for EoFs than for several other preparations. RP\u2010HPLC showed retention\u2010time correspondence with catechin and quercetin in some preparations, whereas no comparable peak for chlorogenic acid was observed under the conditions used. GC\u2013MS provided a qualitative chromatographic fingerprint of EoFs, with NIST spectral\u2010library comparisons used for descriptive characterization.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n F. subpinnata<\/jats:italic>\n essential oil showed the strongest and most consistent antibacterial activity against MDR urinary\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n . Although these findings highlight the potential of EoFs for further research, they do not establish clinical efficacy, a defined mechanism of action, or therapeutic equivalence to conventional antibiotics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/1850504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:12:17Z","timestamp":1790831537000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Evaluation of the In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Preliminary Plant Preparations Against Phenotypically Multidrug\u2010Resistant Urinary Isolates of\n Escherichia Coli<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Ahmadian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University Campus 2 University of Guilan Rasht Iran guilan.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-065X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Mehdipour Moghaddam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology University Campus 2 University of Guilan Rasht Iran guilan.ac.ir"},{"name":"Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Guilan Rasht Iran guilan.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8351-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davood","family":"Bakhshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticultural Science Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Guilan Rasht Iran guilan.ac.ir"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2004.023036"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318850"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1286-4579(03)00049-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02724-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33073\/pjm-2019-048"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","volume-title":"National Policy on Traditional Medicine and Regulation of Herbal Medicines: Report of a WHO Global Survey","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants6020016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","first-page":"170","article-title":"Wound Healing: Concepts and Updates in Herbal Medicine","volume":"7","author":"Dan M. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Medical Research & Health Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2011.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/tar-1406-153"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14121250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24112130"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bacteria5010001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-53690-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/2210290601203010099"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","first-page":"273","article-title":"Harvest Stages and Umbel Order Contribution on Eryngo (Eryngium foetidum L.) Seed Yield and Quality","volume":"40","author":"Ekpong B.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Agriculture and Natural Resources"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10722-006-9121-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","first-page":"869","article-title":"The Ecological Aspect of Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology of Population in Bosnia and Herzegovina","volume":"31","author":"Redzic S. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Collegium Antropologicum"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","first-page":"404","article-title":"Herbs as a Food and Medicine Source in Palestine","volume":"6","author":"Abu-Rabia A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30214250"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/gct-131435"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/chin.200401157"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Comparison of Essential Oils Compositions of Eryngo (Eryngium caucasicum) in Different Parts of the Plant in Two Growth Conditions","volume":"4","author":"Abbaspour Z.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-Products"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2008.9700045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","first-page":"109","article-title":"Phytochemicals and Biological Activities of Froriepia subpinnata (Ledeb.) Baill. Extracts","volume":"10","author":"Bahrami A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants and By-Products"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103580"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13399-024-05301-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_2","volume-title":"Manual of Medical Microbiology, Low","author":"Cheesbrough M.","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_2","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: Twenty-Fifth Informational Supplement M100-S25","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203022320","volume-title":"Illicium, Pimpinella and Foeniculum (Medicinal and Aromatic Plants)","author":"Jodral M. M.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_2","volume-title":"European Pharmacopoeia","author":"Council of Europe","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0308-8146(03)00098-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_2","volume-title":"Methods for Dilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria That Grow Aerobically; Approved Standard\u2014Ninth Edition M07-A9","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_2","article-title":"RP-HPLC and GC-MS Based Identification of Phenolic Acids, Flavonoids, and Hydroxyl-Containing Compounds From One of the Lead Accessions of Amaranthus hypochondriacus L. Identified Based on Biomarkers of Antioxidant Potential","volume":"1","author":"Bhattacharjee S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Basic and Applied Pharmacy and Pharmacology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms141123129"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.ARBA-0009-2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.12.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0972060X.2010.10643831"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-017-0784-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.12.4.564"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/PS.2019.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2011.9700422"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-4565.2012.00377.x"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/1850504","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/bmri\/1850504","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/1850504","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T05:12:20Z","timestamp":1790831540000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bmri\/1850504"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bmri\/1850504"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bmri\/1850504","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-06-16","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"1850504"}}