{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T15:48:22Z","timestamp":1781192902275,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most widespread metabolic diseases characterized by increased blood glucose levels. According to the most recent research, the treatment of diabetes could be improved with the use of green\u2010synthesized nanoparticles due to their biocompatibility, efficient cellular uptake, and targeted therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the present study, nanoparticles were biosynthesized using pine needle leaf extract to assess their antidiabetic potential in a streptozotocin (STZ)\u2010induced diabetic rat model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Initially, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), yttrium\u2010doped AgNPs (Y\u2010AgNPs), and gadolinium\u2013chromium\u2013yttrium\u2013doped AgNPs (GCY\u2010AgNPs) were green\u2010synthesized using pine needle leaf extract and characterized by UV\u2010Vis, PL, XRD, FTIR, SEM\u2010EDX, TEM, and VSM. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague\u2013Dawley rats by a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ (55\u2009mg\/kg), followed by administration of pine needle leaf extract (PNLE), AgNPs, Y\u2010AgNPs, GCY\u2010AgNPs (7.5\u2009mg\/kg each), and glibenclamide (GLB, 5\u2009mg\/kg) to diabetic rats for 7 or 21 days. The assessment included body weight, blood glucose levels, and biochemical, lipid, and kidney histology, along with molecular docking for nanoparticle\u2013protein interactions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diabetic rats exhibited weight reduction alongside increased blood glucose levels. Treatment with green\u2010synthesized nanoparticles markedly reduced blood glucose, along with aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, serum triglycerides (TG), total serum cholesterol (TC), very low\u2010density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low\u2010density lipoprotein (LDL), while increasing high\u2010density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. The intraperitoneal injection of green\u2010synthesized nanoparticles provided notable protection to rat kidneys against STZ\u2010induced damage by maintaining the cortical and tubular structures, as well as mitigating the histopathological lesions. In\u2010silico docking studies confirmed strong interactions of the nanoparticles with the antidiabetic targets via hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions, revealing possible therapeutic applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among all nanoparticle formulations, GCY\u2010AgNPS showed the strongest protective effect against STZ\u2010induced diabetic kidney damage. The findings exhibited significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic effects against STZ\u2010induced diabetes in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/1938383","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:22:07Z","timestamp":1769062927000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["In Vivo Therapeutic Potential of Biologically Synthesized Nanoparticles From Pine Needle Leaf Extract in Streptozotocin\u2010Induced Diabetic Rats"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9685-8416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nourhane A.","family":"Darwich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7368-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noura S.","family":"Abouzeinab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5312-4870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed F.","family":"El-Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9125-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana","family":"El Hajj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7629-4357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahmoud I.","family":"Khalil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-020-03121-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25031882"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2468-8827.184853"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2018.06.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3093005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.800714"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14196\/mjiri.31.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S268728"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2018.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/ijper.53.2s.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jarmap.2021.100330"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.45413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano13010100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano12091585"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18091412"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph18020154"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr12112590"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/bca\/1566870"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.987552"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-695X2007000200005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2021.101636"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.56499\/jppres17.230_5.6.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1194809"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","first-page":"927","article-title":"Biocompatible Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Rumex hymenosepalus Extract Decreases Fasting Glucose Levels in Diabetic Rats","volume":"10","author":"Virgen-Ortiz A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Dig. 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