{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:46:04Z","timestamp":1789465564060,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789430400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":257,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008323","name":"Zanjan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A-12-769-60"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A-12-769-60"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008323","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ischemic stroke is mainly caused by the interruption of cerebral blood flow, which causes severe neurological damage and is one of the main drawbacks of death and disability worldwide. Edaravone (EDV) has been clinically used for the treatment of ischemic stroke in Japan and some countries with two major drawbacks: poor water solubility and nephrotoxicity. Therefore, GSH\u2010PMAA or nanogel was utilized as a drug carrier for EDV to overcome this issue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The study was designed to assess the cognitive response and expression of brain tissue genes, including heat\u2010shock protein (\n                      <jats:italic>Hsp70<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), Toll\u2010like receptors (\n                      <jats:italic>Tlr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      &amp;\n                      <jats:italic>Tlr7<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), following treatment with EDV\u2010loaded nanogel or GSH\u2010PMAA\u2010EDV in ischemic rats. Animals were randomly divided into seven groups, and after the induction of the ischemia\u2010like model, rats received different doses of EDV\u2010loaded nanogel.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      On the day after the novel object recognition test, the rodent hippocampus was dissected and used for the evaluation of gene expression. Real\u2010time PCR was used to evaluate the gene expression of\n                      <jats:italic>Tlr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Tlr7<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Hsp70<\/jats:italic>\n                      . These results indicated that after the induction of stroke in animals, the expression of\n                      <jats:italic>Tlr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Tlr7<\/jats:italic>\n                      increased significantly. However, no significant change in\n                      <jats:italic>Hsp70<\/jats:italic>\n                      expression was observed. However, EDV\u2010loaded nanogel at doses of 20, 40, and, 250\u2009\n                      <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                      g\/kg restored the overexpression of\n                      <jats:italic>Tlr4<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Tlr7<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment with EDV\u2010loaded nanogel has been shown to improve cognitive behavior and immune response of neural tissue in a transient global ischemic model. These improvements were also achieved at lower equalized doses when compared with the unmodified EDV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/2275362","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T08:25:26Z","timestamp":1789460726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Promising Potential of Edaravone\u2010Loaded Nanogel in Ameliorating of Stroke in Rats: The Modulation of Immune 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