{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T21:26:15Z","timestamp":1791408375864,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":29,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["340247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["340247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The emergence of multidrug\u2010resistant\n                    <jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MDR\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and biofilm\u2010producing ability have become a worldwide serious concern. This study is aimed at investigating the clonal relationships, coexistence of carbapenemase\u2010resistant and biofilm\u2010related genes, and biofilm biomass capacity in 57\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates obtained from patients in intensive care units (ICUs). Antibiotic resistance patterns to 11 antibiotics were determined using the disc diffusion test. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of imipenem and colistin were evaluated by the microdilution method. All isolates were subjected to PCR for the detection of carbapenemase\u2010 and biofilm\u2010related genes and examined for the biofilm\u2010forming ability using crystal violet staining methods. The clonality relationship was identified by rep\u2010PCR. Overall, 49 (86%) isolates were characterized as extensively drug\u2010resistant (XDR) with a high MIC for imipenem. Eight isolates were resistant to colistin (MIC&gt;64\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL). Additionally, 86.21% of isolates were strong biofilm formers, which correlated with the PDR phenotype. All isolates carried at least three genes related to biofilm formation. Genotypically, 100% of isolates had\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA\u221251-like<\/jats:sub>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA\u221224\u2212like<\/jats:sub>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes, followed by\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>VIM<\/jats:sub>\n                    (61.4%),\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-23-like<\/jats:sub>\n                    (24.6%),\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>SHV<\/jats:sub>\n                    (1.8%), and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>KPC<\/jats:sub>\n                    (1.8%), whereas\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>CTX-M<\/jats:sub>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>OXA-58-like<\/jats:sub>\n                    genes were not found in the isolates. The rep\u2010PCR analysis identified 10 distinct genotypes, among which GTG Type 3 showed a significant correlation with strong biofilm formation. Moreover, the greatest number of colistin\u2010resistant isolates (MIC&gt;64\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/mL) were located in this cluster. This study highlights the emergence of PDR\n                    <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains carrying a variety of\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010lactamase and biofilm\u2010related genes in ICUs, underscoring the urgent need for improved infection control measures and antimicrobial stewardship programs to address the spread of these formidable pathogens.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/2304337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T08:38:19Z","timestamp":1769762299000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Molecular Characterization and Clonal Analysis of Carbapenem\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/i>\n                    : Insights Into Biofilm\u2010Related Gene Coexistence in Clinical Isolates"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6137-5397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahtab","family":"Hadadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3264-3361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bahram Nasr","family":"Esfahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4142-4657","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arezoo","family":"Mirzaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7134-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sharareh","family":"Moghim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070741"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-021-00480-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-020-0429-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a025239"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1398388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00117-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17795\/ajcmi-40898"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/jjm.26545"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.716627"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12929-020-0617-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24101849"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9071353"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00483"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2017.04.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15537\/smj.2024.45.5.20230886"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.2006.00195.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9952769"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.19119"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.00153"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_2","volume-title":"Diagnostic Microbiology","author":"Forbes B. A.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_2","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing: 34th Edition 2024 https:\/\/clsi.org\/standards\/products\/microbiology\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Multidrug-resistant extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistancehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x 2-s2.0-84857646835.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_2","volume-title":"Genetic Data Analysis II","author":"Weir B. S.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.11.2465-2466.1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep17091"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2018.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801610010032"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.52547\/iem.7.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2019.103887"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1297-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287211"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/ijm\/1009049"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2025.102695"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"DingY. WangJ. ChenY.-H. YangY. andLiuX. Antibiotic Resistance Evolution of Bacterial Biofilm Via Natural Transformation Under Antibiotic and Heavy Metal Pressures Available at SSRN 5082372https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137740.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2025.137740"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/jammr\/2022\/v34i2131563"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens14080730"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2014.0236"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02518-15"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms4030029"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/2304337","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/bmri\/2304337","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/2304337","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T08:38:21Z","timestamp":1769762301000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bmri\/2304337"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Baisakhi","family":"Banerjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bmri\/2304337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bmri\/2304337","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-04","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-15","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"2304337"}}