{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T09:16:49Z","timestamp":1787995009745,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":240,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In Ethiopian traditional medicine, the roots of\n                      <jats:italic>C. aurea<\/jats:italic>\n                      have been used to treat severe diarrhea. This study is aimed at scientifically validating the antidiarrheal activity of 80% methanol\n                      <jats:italic>C. aurea<\/jats:italic>\n                      root extract and solvent fractions in mice.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Qualitative phytochemical analysis was performed, and the acute toxicity study was conducted following OECD guideline 423. The antidiarrheal efficacy of the crude extract and solvent fractions was evaluated using castor oil\u2013induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and intestinal motility models. Mice were randomly assigned to five groups: Group I received distilled water (10\u2009mL\/kg) and served as the negative control; Group II received either loperamide (3\u2009mg\/kg) or atropine sulfate (5\u2009mg\/kg) as the positive control; and Groups III\u2013V received 100, 200, and 400\u2009mg\/kg of the crude extract or its solvent fractions, respectively. All treatment effects were compared to the negative control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The acute toxicity study confirmed that the crude extract was safe at a limit test dose of 2000\u2009mg\/kg. Phytochemical screening test revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. In the castor oil\u2013induced diarrhea model, the crude extract at 200\u2009mg\/kg (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) and 400\u2009mg\/kg (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea and reduced wet feces. At these test doses, the extract also markedly (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) decreased the weight and volume of intestinal contents in the enteropooling test and reduced the peristaltic index (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01) in the charcoal meal test. Among the solvent fractions, the aqueous fraction produced substantial dose\u2010dependent activity (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) at all test doses across all models, with the highest effect at 400\u2009mg\/kg (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). The ethyl acetate fraction also showed notable effects at 200\u2009mg\/kg (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05) and 400\u2009mg\/kg (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.01), whereas the chloroform fraction was active only at 400\u2009mg\/kg (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The crude extract and solvent fractions of\n                      <jats:italic>C. aurea<\/jats:italic>\n                      roots exhibited statistically significant, dose\u2010dependent antidiarrheal activity. Therefore, these findings support the traditional use of this plant for treating diarrhea.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/2594439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T08:26:25Z","timestamp":1787991985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Antidiarrheal Activity of 80% Methanolic Extract and Solvent Fractions of\n                    <i>Calpurnia aurea<\/i>\n                    (Ait.) Benth. (Fabaceae) Roots in Swiss Albino Mice"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4801-4976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yared Andargie","family":"Ferede","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7904-5823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mulugeta Molla","family":"Zeleke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6813-8792","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilaye Arega","family":"Moges","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4697-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Achenef Bogale","family":"Kassie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2616-4014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woretaw Sisay","family":"Zewdu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9710-0977","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fikadie Dagnew","family":"Baye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1540-3369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muluken Adela","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-024-05191-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JEP.S429403"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/2314808X.2024.2312785"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09981-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20905068.2024.2327870"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1510171"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74477-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paed.2012.05.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8173543"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7968973"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-017-0557-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.329"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","volume-title":"Stat Pearls","author":"Sahi N.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.894319"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02398-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-443-18657-8.00037-2","volume-title":"Pharmacognosy","author":"Che C. 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