{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T23:18:38Z","timestamp":1773011918250,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":60,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004366","name":"Tabriz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004366","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study is aimed at modifying the surface of nickel\u2013titanium (NiTi) wire with novel coating techniques of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) for reduction in friction and improving antibacterial activity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      NiTi orthodontic wires were coated with ZnO NPs by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and polymer composite coating. Physicochemical properties of ZnO NPs were assessed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE\u2010SEM), energy\u2010dispersive x\u2010ray (EDX), and x\u2010ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Besides, the surface characterization of NiTi substrates was analyzed with atomic force microscopy (AFM). The antibacterial activity of the coated samples against\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      was assessed using the colony count method.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Polymer coating method demonstrated the most durable and well\u2010adhered ZnO coating among the groups with a relatively high antibacterial activity (reduction\u2009in\u2009cell\u2009viability\u2009[\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                      ] = 89\n                      <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). The polymer composite coating group showed the highest reduction in frictional forces in 0\u00b0 wire\/bracket angle. The highest\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:italic>%<\/jats:italic>\n                      (98%) belonged to the CVD group, but unfortunately, the reduction in friction was not satisfying.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All the coated wires represented antibacterial activity. Among the groups, the polymer coating sample obtained the highest reduction in friction and could be an attractive choice for the clinician for safer and faster orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/3542007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:48:45Z","timestamp":1773006525000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Fabrication and Characterization of ZnO Nanoparticle\u2010Coated NiTi Orthodontic Wires With Enhanced Friction\u2010Reducing Surfaces"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5620-7241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Gholami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7573-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Kachoei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2718-5995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahdiyeh","family":"Esmaeilzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0054-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mojgan","family":"Kachoei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","article-title":"Effect of Different Types of Toothpaste on the Frictional Resistance Between Orthodontic Stainless Steel Brackets and Wires","volume":"14","author":"Nik T. H.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0301574220959883"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/111119-712.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-2826"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/eos.2016.78675"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","first-page":"517","article-title":"Evaluation of the Hardness of Different Orthodontic Wires: A Comparative Study","volume":"6","author":"Chandel N.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Applied Dental Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","volume-title":"Biomechanics and Esthetic Strategies in Clinical Orthodontics","author":"Nanda R.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2018.48.4.268"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","unstructured":"GreeneM. Friction Testing of Contemporary Self-Ligating Appliance Systems 2017 Master of Clinical Dentistry Thesis Western University."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00266-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/aoj-2020-081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/111417-779.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-019-00168-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2013.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2008.03.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11249-006-9029-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/nnm-2016-0171"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1735-3327.118470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.24049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D3BM00300K"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24086919"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/joddd.2016.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/la301432a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6397698"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2012.07.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjt048"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1991)061<0293:COTFCF>2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1107\/S0021889874010375"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","volume-title":"Elements of X-Ray Diffraction 3rd ed.","author":"Cullity B. D.","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40820-015-0040-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-013-4988-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/0003-3219(2007)077[0483:SMOOWW]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2319\/021111-101.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.25.4.051-058.oar"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diamond.2010.02.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-1567.2008.00410.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rodmex.2016.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720130133"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s11671-020-03418-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfa.2014.05.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","first-page":"200","article-title":"Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of ZnO and CuO Nanoparticles Coated Brackets Against Streptococcus Mutans","volume":"16","author":"Ramazanzadeh B.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S35347"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","volume-title":"Durability Evaluation of Different Coating Methods of ZnO Nanoparticles on NiTi Orthodontic Wires and Their Friction With Stainless Steel Brackets","author":"Gholami M.","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/3542007","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/bmri\/3542007","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/3542007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T21:48:48Z","timestamp":1773006528000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bmri\/3542007"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Vikas","family":"Bali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bmri\/3542007"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bmri\/3542007","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-12-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-02","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3542007"}}