{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:23:40Z","timestamp":1787747020030,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":237,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sickle cell nephropathy affects about 30%\u201350% of individuals living with sickle cell disease (SCD), raising the risk of mortality in this population. Traditional renal markers, such as serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate, fail to detect renal damage until substantial injury occurs. However, growing evidence suggests tubular injury precedes glomerular damage, offering opportunities for earlier intervention through novel biomarkers that detect subclinical renal stress before albuminuria onset. In this narrative review, we evaluated kidney injury molecule\u20101, neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin, N\u2010acetyl\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010D\u2010glucosaminidase, transforming growth factor\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    , liver\u2010type fatty acid binding protein, and monocyte chemoattractant protein\u20101 as early indicators of renal damage in individuals with SCD. Additionally, we examine the effect of existing SCD therapy on these biomarkers, highlighting their clinical relevance in sickle cell nephropathy.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/3790001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:03:01Z","timestamp":1787745781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Review of the Clinical Utility of Tubule\u2010Specific Biomarkers in Sickle Cell Nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1835-3756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Belinda Owusuaa","family":"Antwi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7975-3664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwame Afriyie Kyei","family":"Baffour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5916-4695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anthony Yaw","family":"Dziworshie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8824-263X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandy Baffour","family":"Adu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0118-5141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Godfred Amoah","family":"Appiah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/HEMATO3020024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000534865"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/ANNUREV-PATHMECHDIS-012418-012838\/CITE\/REFWORKS"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneph1008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2024015674"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7189\/JOGH.08.021103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOODADVANCES.2022007693"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0225310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2024.1481441"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00431-025-06145-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12040548"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BCMD.2014.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5409\/WJCP.V11.I1.14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/AJPRENAL.00331.2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.HTCT.2024.09.120"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1286432"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/SJ.KI.5000248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOODADVANCES.2019001378"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.22045"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000518458"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.KINT.2022.05.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOODADVANCES.2022008006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13020381"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/NDT\/GFT267"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/KI.2009.422"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00467-013-2421-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep33077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/J.AJKD.2012.10.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CYTO.2019.154800"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/BIOMEDICINES10051106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","volume-title":"Kidney Injury Molecule-1 Signalling in Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury and Phagocytosis","author":"Ismail O. Z.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CKJ\/SFAD071"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FMED.2022.1029224\/BIBTEX"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brci.2025.100023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013070758"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","article-title":"The Role of Urinary N-Acetyl-Beta-Glucosaminidase in Diagnosis of Kidney Diseases","volume":"3","author":"Mohkam M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatric Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","volume-title":"Glycoscience Protocols (GlycoPODv2)","author":"Ashida H.","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10040444"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6639199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0311755"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11255-009-9608-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022X.2012.741877"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04427-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2016.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/AJH.26765"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1517\/14740338.2015.1088827"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BBRC.2019.05.116"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2024.2379355"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76075-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073214"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.19632"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/J.1440-1797.2012.01572.X;SUBPAGE:STRING:FULL"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FMED.2023.1243870\/TEXT"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34172\/jpe.2024.35240"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S00467-011-1857-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2024027839"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/BLOODADVANCES.2019001237"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/BJH.16003;WGROUP:STRING:PUBLICATION"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/CKJ\/SFAB070"}],"container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/3790001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1155\/bmri\/3790001","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1155\/bmri\/3790001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:03:03Z","timestamp":1787745783000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1155\/bmri\/3790001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1155\/bmri\/3790001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/bmri\/3790001","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2314-6133","2314-6141"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2314-6133","type":"print"},{"value":"2314-6141","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-17","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-26","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"3790001"}}