{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T18:03:14Z","timestamp":1777658594384,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777420800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":118,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postural deviations such as thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis are prevalent consequences of sedentary behavior, contributing to pain and disability. We aim to review the evidence on biofeedback modalities as active, user\u2010engaged alternatives to passive correction targeting kyphosis and lordosis posture.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore (inception: September 2025) identified studies on adult populations. Primary outcomes were spinal alignment measures; secondary outcomes included muscle activity, pain, usability, and satisfaction. The results of the included studies were synthesized in a qualitative narrative way.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fourteen studies involving 288 participants met inclusion criteria. Most studies used accelerometers or IMUs for posture detection. The most frequently applied modality was vibration feedback (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 6), followed by auditory (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3), visual (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3), and multimodal systems (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 2). Across studies, short\u2010term improvements were consistent: reduced kyphotic (up to 8\u00b0) and lordotic (up to 10\u00b0) angles, decreased pain, and improved trunk posture (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05); enhanced awareness and spinal muscle relaxation (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05); and actuator\u2010based systems achieved up to 25\u00b0 of active correction but lacked long\u2010term data. Modalities showed usability and user satisfaction and had postural measurement error of 1\u00b0\u20134\u00b0 across studies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biofeedback modalities\u2014particularly vibration and auditory systems\u2014demonstrate measurable improvements in spinal alignment and engagement. Evidence is limited by low methodological rigor, small sample sizes, and short\u2010term focus. Future research should investigate the effectiveness of biofeedback in longitudinal, real\u2010world trials, with multimodal feedback and ergonomic integration for sustained postural correction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/3879174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:14:24Z","timestamp":1777446864000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biofeedback Modalities Targeting Kyphosis and Lordosis: A Critical Appraisal Topic"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-5688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Rajabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5983-8102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hooman","family":"Minoonejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8018-7650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fateme","family":"Khorramroo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8728-8293","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mostafa Jalili","family":"Bafrouei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4043650"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/act11070184"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54022\/shsv5n2-009"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-13568-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jeo.70576"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-022-10611-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_2","article-title":"Design of a Smart Posture Corrective Orthosis for Kyphotic Patients","volume":"44","author":"AlGadhib F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"CMBES Proceedings"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-88886-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-025-06063-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-02105-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-014-3571-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_2","first-page":"1555","article-title":"Design of a Fluid-Driven 3D Printed Spinal Posture Corrector","volume":"44","author":"Asadullah G. 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