{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:35:28Z","timestamp":1789158928493,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":104,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have garnered attention as potential anticancer agents in cancer therapy research. Synthesis of metal nanoparticles using beneficial bacteria is considered one of the most effective methods for cancer treatment, with minimal side effects. This study is aimed at synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles from\n                    <jats:italic>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilm and investigate their impact on cell division and apoptosis\u2010related gene expression in colorectal epithelial cancer cells (HT\u201029) under laboratory conditions. After isolating and validating ZnO nanoparticles in the\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilm, HT\u201029 cells were cultured with different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles for 24\u2009h, and MTT was used to determine IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    . Subsequently, the studied cells were cultured with 5 and 10\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g of ZnO NPs for 24\u2009h, and Western blot, real\u2010time PCR, and Annexin V\u2010PI staining were used to evaluate the role of ZnO NPs in inducing apoptosis and cell division in HT\u201029 cells. The MTT assay results revealed that a 40\u2009\n                    <jats:italic>\u03bc<\/jats:italic>\n                    g\/L concentration showed the highest cytotoxicity after 24\u2009h. It was also found that cell viability cultured with ZnO NPs was downregulated in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Additionally, ZnO NPs upregulated the expression of BAX, caspase 3, and 9 genes while downregulating the expression of Bcl\u20102, PKM2, and HK2 genes. The current study demonstrated the potential of the\n                    <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic>\n                    biofilm to produce ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, ZnO NPs induced apoptosis and downregulated cell division\u2010related genes in HT\u201029 cells. These findings provide a foundation for further research and the utilization of zinc oxide nanoparticles in the pharmaceutical and colorectal cancer therapy industries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/4464604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T15:13:12Z","timestamp":1776265992000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Induction of Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Extracted From\n                    <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum<\/i>\n                    With Gene Expression Control of Apoptosis\u2010Related 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