{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T12:16:58Z","timestamp":1778933818700,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":130,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["BioMed Research International"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hair loss is a common condition with significant psychosocial impact. Although pharmacological treatments such as minoxidil are available, their long\u2010term use may be associated with adverse effects. Plant\u2010derived products are widely used in traditional medicine for hair care; however, scientific validation of their efficacy remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study is aimed at evaluating the hair growth\u2013promoting effects of a combination of\n                      <jats:italic>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>Ricinus communis<\/jats:italic>\n                      oils in a murine model.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Essential oil from\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      was obtained by hydrodistillation, whereas fixed oil from\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>communis<\/jats:italic>\n                      seeds was extracted using Soxhlet extraction with hexane. Fifteen mice (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 3 per group) were divided into five groups: rosemary oil, castor oil, combination (1 : 1), 2% minoxidil (positive control), and untreated (negative control). Treatments were applied topically once daily for 28 days. Hair growth was evaluated using hair length measurement, macroscopic observation, and standardized hair regrowth scoring. Data were analyzed using one\u2010way ANOVA followed by Tukey\u2032s post hoc test. Statistical outputs are presented descriptively due to the small sample size and\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      values are reported for trend identification rather than inferential significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The combination group showed higher mean hair length (12.88 \u00b1 0.79\u2009mm) compared with\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (12.68 \u00b1 0.25\u2009mm) and\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>communis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (10.10 \u00b1 0.22\u2009mm) and showed similar trends to 2% minoxidil (13.06 \u00b1 0.21\u2009mm). One\u2010way ANOVA showed overall group differences. Statistical outputs are presented descriptively due to the small sample size;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      values are reported for trend identification rather than inferential significance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The findings suggest that the combination of\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                      <jats:italic>communis<\/jats:italic>\n                      oils may promote hair growth in a murine model. The present findings are derived from a murine model and cannot be directly extrapolated to human use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/5037275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T11:58:42Z","timestamp":1778500722000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An Exploratory Preclinical In Vivo Pilot Study Evaluating the Hair Growth\u2013Promoting Effects of\n                    <i>Rosmarinus officinalis<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Ricinus communis<\/i>\n                    Combination"],"prefix":"10.1155","volume":"2026","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7996-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex","family":"Mathenge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4371-6899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Odongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-3680-692X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruth","family":"Mauti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-1429-6415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fednard","family":"Osee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_1_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08952841.2024.2437208"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2023.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics10070364"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.061164"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14983"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_2","volume-title":"Physiology Hair","author":"Hoover E.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_2","first-page":"36","article-title":"Alopecia: A Review Of Classification, Pathophysiology, And Treatment","volume":"11","author":"Gupta M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_2","first-page":"15","article-title":"Rosemary Oil vs Minoxidil 2% for the Treatment of Androgenetic Alopecia: A Randomized Comparative Trial","volume":"13","author":"Panahi Y.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skinmed"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e21876"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S470989"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hermed.2023.100728"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijt.ijt_189_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16020206"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_2","first-page":"105","article-title":"Extraction And Characterization Of Castor (Ricinus Communis) Seed Oil","volume":"2","author":"Nangbes J. 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