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The relative proportion of SA\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010gal\u2013positive leukocytes was approximately threefold higher in patients with a history of COVID\u201019 compared with Group 1. Group 2 also demonstrated a significantly higher frequency of SAHF\u2010positive leukocytes. According to the CBMN assay, Group 2 showed a significantly higher relative content of binucleated leukocytes with micronuclei, as well as a higher frequency of apoptotic mononuclear cells. No significant differences were observed between the groups in the relative content of binucleated cells with nuclear buds or nucleoplasmic bridges, nor in the proportion of necrotic mononuclear cells. The cytokinesis\u2010block proliferation index was comparable between the groups. The findings of this retrospective study may indicate a detrimental long\u2010term effect of COVID\u201019 on the manifestation of cellular senescence at the organismal level, and the evaluated markers may be informative for developing new prognostic strategies for this patient population.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1155\/bmri\/5553698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T06:16:49Z","timestamp":1785997009000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of Cytological Markers of Cellular Senescence in High\u2010Risk Cardiovascular Patients After 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